Systems Analysis and Design

Zenith Financial is a quickly developing organization that owes some portion of its development to a few ongoing acquisitions. Zenith Financial currently needs to solidify the companies’ data innovation assets to dispose of repetition and offer data among the new organizations. The Chief Information Officer (CIO) has oversight duty regarding the venture and has employed Client/Servers R Us to build up the design for the new corporate data framework. Joe Consultant of C/S R Us introduced 3 customer/server plans to the CIO and is mentioning the CIO to choose one.The CIO isn't sure which middleware configuration is best for the company’s objectives. The CIO has asked Chris Consultant to introduce the focal points and disservices for every one of the other options. Foundation ACME Financial Incorporated (AF Inc. ) is a speculation banking organization that gives an on-line administration that permits their customers to get to record and market data. Summit Financial Inc. as of late obtained a few little and medium measured organizations all through the nation, each with their own budgetary and bookkeeping systems.Almost the entirety of the organizations have built up their own application programming for their analysts’ use in their day by day occupations, however just a couple gave on-line account administration. The systematic instruments depend on close ongoing business sector information and authentic market information. The CIO needs to unite the monetary and bookkeeping data into a corporate data framework that can bolster choice help applications for corporate administration. Normally, since the PC equipment is diverse for various organizations, the CIO hopes to redesign the equipment to suit the new Information Technology (IT) system.The CIO will choose the best diagnostic programming as the standard programming utilized by all organization examiners. Every neighborhood site will be required to give an on-line administration to their cl ients. Clients will be given the important application programming to get to their record data. At long last, ACME Financial has created exceptional information mining programming that gives them an upper hand. AF Inc. offers their clients speculation guidance dependent on the data inferred by the information mining software.Each account chief gets the data and afterward gives custom-made recommendationsâ to every client dependent on their portfolio. Framework Requirements The accompanying rundown of framework necessities mirrors the system’s needs (recorded generally arranged by need): 1. Accessibility: The CIO’s number one need is high accessibility. AF Inc. markets their unwavering quality and feels that most customers pick them for their reliability. The CIO needs to augment the system’s accessibility. To accomplish high accessibility, on the off chance that a local office can't offer help, at that point a client should consistently approach the on-line adm inistration through an alternate office. 2.Data Integrity: The prerequisite for information honesty fluctuates inside the framework. The most significant information are customer’s exchanges. It is fundamental that a customer’s exchange is rarely lost and the framework must ensure that every exchange is finished. Interestingly, information lost from the high information rate inputs, for example, Reuter’s and the NYSE, are handily recuperated during the each communicate so it isn't basic if a few information are lost during a communicate. 3. Execution: Financial markets are profoundly unstable; time affectability of information is estimated in minutes. Millions can be lost if data is postponed getting to the analysts.The framework must have the option to help data communicate all through the system. 4. Security: The CIO is worried about the security of the information mining programming and the data created by the information mining programming. The Chief Executi ve Officer thinks the information mining data programming gives an upper hand to the organization. In the event that an unapproved client approached the data they could take the information mining applications or take the data created by the information mining programming. In either case, the culprit could make indistinguishable speculation proposals from AF Inc. account managers.Therefore, if contenders approached the data the outcomes could be monetarily destroying to the organization. The CIO is worried that a contender could act like a client and hack into the profoundly touchy data through his on-line administration account. 5. Development: The CIO imagines a gradual relocation procedure to introduce the new framework because of the size of the change. Likewise, he anticipates that AF Inc. will proceed to develop and get more organizations. The CIO needs to have the option to grow more application programming as new client administrations are included. The CIO additionally need s to include progressively close constant data sources toâ the framework. 6.Backup and Recovery: The CIO comprehends that the framework will experience issues now and again. A key factor in deciding the system’s achievement is the manner by which rapidly the framework can recoup from a disappointment. Reinforcement and recuperation must be smooth and non-problematic. One approach to guarantee that the framework can without much of a stretch recuperate from a framework crash is to ensure the information is copied somewhere else on the framework. The corporate database is the essential back up for every one of the provincial workplaces. Design Each nearby office (Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, Southwest) has gets to a provincial data hub.Local workplaces use customer programming to get to the neighborhood application server. These application servers get to the nearby databases for practically the entirety of the data required regularly. For access to data required less much of the time the application programming should get to the focal database at corporate central command. Each local database has just the subset of data that is pertinent for its territory, though the corporate central station keeps up the entirety of the data from every area just as information that is interesting to corporate applications, for example, extra bookkeeping and friends money related information.The corporate office is likewise answerable for the information mining programming and data. Every one of the local databases is associated with high limit connects to the corporate database. At long last, the corporate office gets data from Reuter’s, NYSE, NASDAQ, and other monetary markets. The data stream varies every day from 30 †40 KBps to 4 †5 MBps. Twenty-five percent of the data is promptly communicated to the territorial workplaces to help the on-line account administration. All the data is separated and put away in the database. Structural Alternatives Alternative I: The Database Management System This elective exploits the all-inclusive usefulness gave by the mainstream social database the executives organizations, for example, Oracle and Sybase. All data is conveyed into the framework where it is quickly put away into one of the databases. The social database the board programming is answerable for the dispersion of data all through the framework. Customers speak with the databases through Standard Query Language (SQL). Corporate and provincial databases are kept synchronized utilizing highlights provided by the RDBMS software.Transactions are ensured by utilizing unique Transaction Processing Software. The seller provided RDBMS programming is answerable for back-up and recuperation of the considerable number of databases. Information security is taken care of at the line level inside every database. This implies customers can just get records for which their client has consent. Existing application programming may must be adjus ted to utilize SQL. Elective II: Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) This arrangement relies upon CORBA to integrate the customers and databases. CORBA is liable for circulating information over the system.The RDBMS programming is as yet liable for the back-up and recuperation, yet the databases are kept synchronized utilizing CORBA as the essential vehicle component for the information. Customers, application servers, and databases convey to one another through CORBA’s transport system. Existing application programming would be enclosed by IDL to speak with different applications. Extraordinary close constant taking care of use programming would send the data to every one of the provincial workplaces where it is coordinated to customers that buy in to the information.Alternative III: Message and Queuing (M&Q) The message and lining configuration utilizes business M and Q programming joined with an exchange preparing item to guarantee customer’s excha nges are finished. Dec Message Queue and MQ Series are a portion of the main items for informing and lining programming. Customers impart to different elements utilizing messages. Messages are saved in lines and the message and lining middleware is liable for message conveyance to the suitable customers. The product applications will be adjusted to send and get messages from queues.Questions to Answer (Total 100 focuses) The contextual analysis must be examined covering the plans and these inquiries with your partners, however your last review should be your synergistic work. Doing investigate on explicit items for the task ought to unquestionably be a group action. The absolute length of the review ought to presumably not surpass 5 pages. 1. Portray in more detail the design of each building other option. To do this you should substance out the points of interest of the different parts.This will require some examination on theâ products demonstrated (or other similar items that yo u find). Note that a few administrations are consequently given when a specific item is bought, while others must be created to fulfill the framework necessities. You ought to portray what administrations are consequently given by the items, which administrations would should be created, and how administrations ought to be circulated over the system. (40 focuses) 2. Assess every one of the options against the framework necessities, d

Integrating Business Model Canvas in Feasibility Assessment of Share Essay - 136

Coordinating Business Model Canvas in Feasibility Assessment of Share Economy Businesses - Essay Example The Business Canvas Model’s Inspiration is a craftsman who accomplishes his work on canvas painting. The undercarriage of the model mulls over the buyer, the item offered, the framework and the monies of a plan of action. The Canvas Model is a perception of a plan of action that tries to clarify how a firm makes, conveys and catches esteem. There are nine structure hinders inside the Business Canvas Model. Its prominence is principally with business people for business advancement. An arrangement of a practicality concentrate with a plan of action is a vital business-arranging instrument. Being an offer economy business, the greater part of AirBnB’s client portions are related generally comprising of individual and business voyagers (PPTPOP 2014). Recognizing the various markets, for example, the mass market, specialty advertise, portioned, enhanced, or a multi-side stage is a vital stage all the while (Osterwalder and Pigneur 2013, p.164). The organization takes into a ccount a multi-sided showcase. It offers shared rooms; private rooms or a visitor could simply lease the whole spot. Practicality investigation is important to discover the hole in the present market (Hass2 008, p.48). The individual explorers were the underlying objective for Airbnb as they were the most alive to evaluating and progressively managable to where they remained. Airbnb's contribution is particularly famous with business explorers who need to remain in a spot for over a week and need to feel more plain than in an inn. The primary channels for client obtaining for AirBnB are its site and application, web-based social networking, open connection, and verbal. An offer economy business supports cooperative utilization in the economy (Botsman and Rogers2010, p. 132). Identifying how the offer of the organization is a key stage in the plausibility study (Johnson 2010, p.158).

Life After Syllabus Week

Life After Syllabus Week In college, there is a glorious week by the name of Syllabus Week. It is the first week of the semester when all of your new professors will do nothing more than discuss and outline what is coming up in the class. As a freshman, you will probably already think that you are experiencing all that college will throw at you; this would be a false notion. The other 15 weeks of the semester are what test each Illini on their path to becoming part of the alumni. You will have exams, papers, quizzes, and projects that will push you to dig deeper and become an even better student. It is important to consider all of the things that will make sure you are successful in the weeks ahead. 1. Get some rest.  Throughout your semester, you will spend a lot of time in class or studying. Make sure that in your off-time you are catching some zs, as well. Your brain will thank you when you have to start getting creative on that big paper later in the semester. About Education 2. Dont be afraid to go to office hours.  There will be many times during the semester when you have questions about assignments, material, and projects that do not have answers on the syllabus. This will be the time to go pay your professor a visit during office hours. Always remember that your professor is there to help and answer any question that you might have. 3. Call home. College life can be stressful sometimes and you will feel like taking a break from everything going on. This is the perfect time to call your family and just talk. You will feel so much more relaxed and they will love hearing from you as much as you love hearing from them. 4. Find your way of studying. It is so vital that you find a way to productively study your material. This means that you should seek out a good location, the right time of day, and possibly who you might want to study with. Having a nice rhythm of good study habits will make a world of difference in your grades. 5. Work hard. This semester will challenge you at times, but it is in those moments that we experience true greatness as we break through what we thought might be possible and achieve something greater. As a student at the University of Illinois, your work will not always be easy, but it will always be fulfilling. So remember to work hard and get excited for the grades that will follow. Jacob Class of 2019 I’m an Advertising student within the College of Media. My hometown is a place called Fairmount, Illinois, which is about 30 minutes from campus. I began my Illinois journey in the Division of General Studies.

Hunger Games Essay plan - 1197 Words

‘The Hunger Games’ CEL Task: To show how the director uses film techniques to convey various themes in ‘The Hunger Games’ Introduction: Using your notes write an introduction in which you: Mention the title, director, year of release, where it was set. Clarify what the genre is, explaining exactly what this means. Name and briefly describe the main protagonist in a single sentence. Provide a plot summary. Do not write openings such as ‘I am going to talk about†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Always write in the third person in a CEL EXAMPLE: ‘The director, Gary Ross, uses many film techniques to convey the themes of†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢(only write the themes in the introduction that you are analysing in your essay). ‘The Hunger Games’ is an American science fiction film†¦show more content†¦Example: Think about the propaganda video shown during ‘The Reaping’. How is this similar to those shown in ‘1984’? How are the crowd reacting compared to Effie Trinket? What is being said at this point? Do the people of the districts feel the peace that President Snow proclaims. Look at the blog as there is some useful information about HOPE. Paragraph Five: Theme: Power. Using the PEAR structure, discuss How Katniss begins to affect the power balance in ‘The Capitol’ ? There’s information on the blog about the theme of power and a video clip which will give you a better understanding of Katniss’s role in upsetting the balance. Exa mple: Katniss’s relationship with Rue, and Peeta upsets the balance. The usual collaborations in the Hunger Games are about maximum power for killing the other tributes. Rue’s death scene and the way Katniss treats Rue with respect, and in turn District 11 that becomes the catalyst (somebody or someone that makes a change happen) for change. The ‘berry’ scene at the end is very powerful. Paragraph six Theme: Appearance versus reality (what is real? and what is only appearance?) Using the PEAR structure, look at how the director uses techniques to show us how Katniss has to change to stay alive in ‘HungerShow MoreRelatedThe Hunger Games Trilogy1719 Words   |  7 PagesHannah Hirschhorn Essay 10/16/12 The trilogy of The Hunger Games written by Suzanne Collins, focuses on a country that is being controlled by an oppressive government and the people who are fighting against it for their freedom. Although the odds are against the rebels, they continue to combat tyranny at the risk of their own lives. The story takes place in the not too distant future in a country called Panem, which represents the United States. The Capitol, which is the center of the nationalRead MoreEssay On The Hunger Games1027 Words   |  5 PagesThe Hunger Games - Essay By Lauren Wheeler Throughout the whole story of The Hunger Games, the author Suzanne Collins’ personal story plays a major role in the events of the annual hunger games, and is a great influence on the personality and development of the two tributes from District 12 and their struggle to survive in the cruel, harsh arena. The story of the Hunger Games takes place in the destroyed nation of North America, which is now Panem and contains twelve districts. These districtsRead MorePersuasive Essay : Hunger Games772 Words   |  4 Pages Persuasive essay Hunger games, the time my mom left to cuba,and the right to the street of Memphis emplies that it is beneficial to be sheltered Rather than self governor. If we were all self governor most of us probably wouldn t be alive. In The hunger games by Suzanne collins, thirteen districts attempted to start a Revolution against the Capitol. They failed and district 13 was destroyed. An annual t elevised death match called the hunger games was created by the CapitolRead MoreThe Hunger Games, Directed By Neil Burger1181 Words   |  5 Pagesconsequences, framed in context of how a movie with different scripts can achieve its highest-priority themes and guarantee positive ratings. A 2012 film, The Hunger Games, directed by Gary Ross and 2014 film, Divergent, directed by Neil Burger presents two ideal films focusing on the ethical decisions made by the main characters. This essay aims at identifying the causes and effects of ethical decisions made by the main characters, the impacts of these decisions, how these decisions affect the societyRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift1647 Words   |  7 PagesProposal,† tries to present different ideas in order to change the situation of Ireland. Through his proposal, he is able to get people’s attention, and the way he uses satire throughout the article made his argument more successful. He wrote this essay to sh ow how ignored and bad the state of Ireland and its social classes are. In â€Å"A Modest Proposal†, Swift effectively uses rhetorical exaggeration to express his offense towards England’s politicians, and the status of the poor people in the countryRead MoreCharacter Analysis of Katniss Everdeen from The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins549 Words   |  3 Pages The Hunger Games is a trilogy novel book written by Suzanne Collins. The book is about being selected in a game where everything is about winning, and by winning you live another year with fame, and by losing means you die and known for not being strong enough. In this essay I’m going to analyze a character from the book, and write why I think the character is interesting. The person you are about to read about is Katniss Everdeen and also the main person in the book. Katniss Everdeen is a teenageRead MoreThe Hunger Games Movie Analysis1935 Words   |  8 PagesIn the following film, The Hunger Games directed by Gary Ross, it focuses primarily on the protagonist, Katniss Everdeen, who volunteers to partake the Hunger games tribute that occurs once a year. Every year in each district, each of the two members of each gender is selected to fight the annual Hunger Games. Katniss intends to be the center of attention of this film, which gives the audiences a better insight of the movie, also revealing additional themes that the author is trying to convey. AtRead MoreThe Origin Of Archetypes : An Archetype2192 Words   |  9 Pagesstar crossed lovers throughout history, you have the famous play â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† which is a four-hundred year old drama, then you have Paolo Francesca, a short story in Dante’s Inferno, a five-hundred year old epic, then you have the modern Hunger Games. Most of the lovers in these story tried to be together, but mostly it failed at the end, they all some sort of issue blocking them from being with each other. The most famous example of star-crossed lovers are Romeo and Juliet. There are manyRead MoreThe Marshall Plan From Both The International Political Economic1822 Words   |  8 Pagesanalyze the Marshall Plan from both the international political economic (IPE) liberal and IPE critical theorist philosophies and what a theorist from each belief would say about the Marshall Plan in regards to its economic and political implications. The essay will do this first with an explanation of the IPE liberal theory; followed by an explanation of the IPE critical theory. Next, the essay will describe the background of the Marshall Plan aid and what the Marshall Plan hoped to accomplish inRead MoreReflection Paper On Psychology And Psychology1094 Words   |  5 Pagesaffecting my daily emotions, thoughts, and stresses. The areas of Psychology that push me toward my future goals and explain who I am today are my nurture, growth mindset, and motivation. Seeking to make sense of my past, present and future, this essay was written. From the point of view of an outside observer, it is understandable one may not understand the childhood that has had a profound impact in my later years. My parents are the two people I trust most in the world. This will change, inevitably

Narrative Essay - Original Writing - 1148 Words

Narrative â€Å"Here Maya, as long as you wear this I’ll always be with you,† my dad said as he clipped a small bow into my hair. â€Å"I can’t believe tomorrow will be your first birthday, and I have to miss it. I love you more than the world baby girl.† He kissed my forehead as he lowered me into the crib. â€Å"Daddy don’t go, please!† I begged him, â€Å"I’m going to miss you so much.† â€Å"Munchkin I have to go, I’ll only be gone 2 days and it’ll fly by so fast that when I come home you’ll think I never left.†He hugged my older brother and sister, and then he was gone. As long as I can remember my dad had taken business trips once a month. Even after ten years it never got any easier seeing him go. He always told me he’d be before I knew it, but somehow that was never true. Whether he was gone 2 days, or 2 weeks it always felt like 2 centuries instead. When he left I built a wall up around me the second he walked out the door. I would sit in my room and only come out for meals, not talking to anybody. â€Å"Maya, dad died in a plane crash last night,† I hoped I would never hear those words, but when they left Sophia’s mouth I clasped on the floor. I went into shock, I didn’t cry, I didn’t speak, I just sat there on the floor for a minute. Then I ran. I bolted out the front door, running around the block. I ran past the school and through the park with Sophia chasing after me. When I finally got back to the house I ran to my room and slammed the door in her face. â€Å"Maya let me in!† Sophia screamed.Show MoreRelatedNarrative Essay - Original Writing1733 Words   |  7 Pages When I had laid the last of the bricks I took a step back to admire my handy work. Still silent in the catacombs, I knew I should be leaving before Fortunato awakes. I began my journey through the endless tunnels of corpses and adorning tombs. I could smell the lingering fragrance of death in the damp air as I stumbled along the dark, uneven pathway. I soon became overwhelmed with the feeling of exhaustion. I began to yell, â€Å"Help, can anyone hear me?† The deafening silence reminded me of a fateRead MoreNarrative Essay - Original Writing1643 Words   |  7 PagesNarrative I was about ten years old when this happened. It was in the fall of fifth grade, and I had just gotten settled into the new school year. My dad was deployed to Kuwait, and so for the time being it was just my mom, my brother, and I. He had been deployed previously, so I was used to him being away for months at a time. One thing that helped me get through the times he was deployed was my school who offered a special class called TDY on Friday mornings before the bell rang. TDY (TemporaryRead MoreNarrative Essay - Original Writing1505 Words   |  7 PagesNarrative Essay on different levels. The doctor would meticulously watch our actions then jot it down into his documents. After the exam was completed, we were instructed to stand in two even parallel lines and wait Three summers ago, I proudly graduated from Samuel Fels High School in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Graduating from High School was one of the happiest and memorable moments in my life. I was puffed up with pride as I walked down the aisle to accept my high school diploma. I hadRead MoreNarrative Essay - Original Writing1435 Words   |  6 PagesRei, Rei! My little sister shrieks. Her piercing scream reaches me when I get to my house front door. The family room darkens; the air thickens. Without thinking I sprint to her room, but her door is locked. Since when did she get a lock on her door?! Rei! Shelly cries out. Shelly it s okay, I ll save you! I throw my body against the door, but stop when a laugh that always gives me nightmares, rings in my ear. I look to my right, and as I do the house molds into the Hammerhead s menRead MoreNarrative Essay - Original Writing Essay727 Words   |  3 PagesAdrian Box 9/24/2015 Narrative Essay ENGL 1010-09 - Disbelief, fear, and disappointment filled my mind as I sat in the driver s car seat tilted back, the smell of smoke and dirt was all I could comprehend. The drivers floorboard and dashboard met with my feet wedged in between being crushed. It did not hurt, my body was numb. My mind was running wild. What just happened to me? In the distance, on that straight, two-way, narrowed road, I saw cars and trucks driving by completely oblivious of howRead MoreNarrative Essay - Original Writing2052 Words   |  9 Pageswritten in months, making excuses and procrastinating, she finally sat down to end her guilt for ignoring her only current connection with the outside world. Writing had always been a hobby she could count on to help her find serenity, but serenity was all around her these days, so it had been easy to put her writing duties on hold. Now her writing was helping her to put things into perspective, things she wanted to understand but had no clue how to get a grasp on, especially the changes that were occurringRead MoreNarrative Essay - Original Writing939 Words   |  4 PagesAs the light shines through the window of the wooden cabin, I sit up and stretch my aching back; I the smell of moist wood fills the air, and then I remember that it is time to work on the field. As I walk out of the cabin I see my friends. â€Å"Good morning Amara, good morning Quan,† â€Å"Good morning Yelmima,† they replied. â€Å"Are you ready for your big day today?† Quan winked as he said it. â€Å"Yeah, † â€Å"We’ll miss you,† Amara said. â€Å"I will say my final goodbyes before I leave,† I reassured them. AsRead MoreNarrative Essay - Original Writing1053 Words   |  5 PagesIt waits, concealed behind the fragments of carefree moments that crop up from time to time. It ebbs, the emotional tide before the mind’s storm. It strikes, leaving its victim motionless and defenseless and forever beneath its control. The dread, being stuck in a rut, is difficult to escape from. Perhaps I should settle for what is reality— probably forever impoverished, despondent, or a mindless drone for the man—and continue on the trail. However, when I’m stuck facing the corner, all I noticeRead MoreNarrative Essay - Original Writing889 Words   |  4 PagesBY THE TIME CLIVE finally settled down and stopped his cat screaming, I was thoroughly exhausted and wide awake. I had to get up in one more hour anyway, and I realized I’d already gotten whatever sleep I was going to get. I might as well get up and make some breakfast. â€Å"Stupid meower,† I said, addressing the wall behind my head, and I padded out into the living room. After switching on the TV, I turned on the coffee maker and studied the pre-dawn light just starting to peek in my windows. CliveRead MoreNarrative Essay - Original Writing884 Words   |  4 PagesI stood paralyzed, taking small shallow breaths. The niter was causing me to cough more and more. Slowly I regained control over my body and started trying to fight my way out of the shackles. The wine was now starting to wear off. I had trusted Montresor and he has wronged me. Now it was I who wanted revenge. With one last blow to the shackles against the side of the stone wall, the area where the shackles were attached to the wall began to crumble away. After finally freeing from the shackles,

Developing Financial Projections Free Essays

PUBLIC COMPANY MANAGEMENT SERVICES WHITE PAPER Developing Financial Projections for NonFinance People This White Paper gives you the tools to answer the two most important questions any business must ask: â€Å"Are you financially prepared to begin? Are we able to sustain ourselves? † You’ll learn: What’s on financial statements and how they get there How to develop and understand income statements How to set up and read balance sheets How to use common formulas to evaluate cash flow How to create a budget using standard guidelines How to read and evaluate income projections How to develop your own financial projections through a â€Å"fill in the blanks† approach† How to accurately determine the value of your idea or business This memorandum is provided by Public Company Management Services for educational purposes only and is not intended and should not be construed as legal advice. 2004  © Public Company Management Services 5770 El Camino Road. Las Vegas, NV 89118 Phone: (702) 222-9076 http://www. We will write a custom essay sample on Developing Financial Projections or any similar topic only for you Order Now pubcowhitepapers. com http://www. pcms-team. com http://www. foreigncompanylisting. com http://www. gopublictoday. com A Budget and Financial Worksheet Overview Managers must ask, ‘is the business financially prepared to begin/continue’? Understanding basic budgeting guidelines, income projection statements, balance sheets and common formulas to evaluate cash flow help ensure successful operations. This financial knowledge significantly impacts a company’s short term and long term success. START-UP BUDGET personnel (costs prior to opening) legal/professional fees occupancy licenses/permits equipment insurance supplies advertising/promotions salaries/wages accounting income utilities payroll expenses An operating budget is prepared when you are actually ready to open for business. The operating budget will reflect your priorities in terms of how you spend your money, the expenses you will incur and how you will meet those expenses (income). Your operating budget also should include money to cover the first three to six months of operation. It should allow for the following expenses. OPERATING BUDGET   personnel insurance rent depreciation loan payments advertising/promotions legal/accounting miscellaneous expenses supplies payroll expenses Developing Projections www. publiccompanywhitepapers. om 14001 May 20,2003 †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ salaries/wages utilities dues/subscriptions/fees taxes repairs/maintenance Other questions that you will need to consider are: †¢ What type of accounting system will your use? Is it a single entry or dual entry system? †¢ What are your sales and profit goals for the coming year? If a franchise, will the franchisor set your sales and profit goals? Or, will he or she expect you to reach and retain a certain sales level and profit margin? †¢ What financial projections will you need to include in your business plan? †¢ What kind of inventory control system will you use? Sample balance sheets, income projections (profit and loss statements) and cash flow statements are included below along with detailed instructions for completing same. INCOME PROJECTION STATEMENT Total net sales (revenues) Costs of sales Gross profit Gross profit margin Controllable expenses Salaries/wages Payroll expenses Legal/accounting Advertising Automobile Office supplies Dues/Subscriptions Utilities Miscellaneous Total controllable expenses Fixed expenses Rent Depreciation Utilities Insurance License/permits Loan payments Miscellaneous Total fixed expenses Total expenses Net profit (loss) before taxes Taxes Net profit (loss) after taxes INSTRUCTIONS FOR INCOME PROJECTIONS STATEMENT The income projections (profit and loss) statement is valuable as both a planning tool and a key management tool to help control business operations. It enables you to develop a preview of the amount of income generated each month and for the business year, based on reasonable predictions of monthly levels of sales, costs and expenses. As monthly or quarterly projections are developed and entered into the income projections statement, they can serve as definite goals for controlling the business operation. As actual operating results become known each month, they should be recorded for comparison with the monthly projections. A completed income statement allows you to compare actual figures with projections and to take steps to correct any problems. Industry Percentage In the industry percentage column, enter the percentages of total sales (revenues) that are standard for your industry, which are derived by dividing Costs/expenses items x 100% These percentages can be obtained from various sources, such as trade associations, accountants or banks. Industry figures serve as a useful bench mark against which to compare cost and expense estimates that you develop for your firm. Compare the figures in the industry percentage column to those in the annual percentage column. Total Net Sales (Revenues) Determine the total number of units of consulting service you realistically expect to sell each period (per month or quarter) in each area of your business at the prices you expect to get. Use this step to create the projections to review your pricing practices. †¢ Exclude any revenue that is not strictly related to the business. Cost of Sales The key to calculating your cost of sales is that you do not overlook any costs that you have incurred. Calculate cost of sales of all services used to determine total net sales. Do not overlook transportation or travel costs if you’re working at a distance. Also include all direct labor. Gross Profit Subtract the total cost of sales from the total net sales to obtain gross profit. Gross Profit Margin The gross profit is expressed as a percentage of total sales (revenues). It is calculated by dividing gross profits by total net sales Controllable (also known as Variable) Expenses   Salary expenses-Base pay plus overtime. Payroll expenses-Include paid vacations, sick leave, health insurance, unemployment insurance and social security taxes – may or may not be applicable. Outside services-Include costs of subcontracts, overflow work and special or one-time services. Supplies-Services and items purchased for use in the business. Repair and maintenance-Regular maintenance and repair. Advertising-Include desired sales volume and classified directory advertising expenses. Car delivery and travel-Include charges if personal car is used in business, including parking, tools, buying trips, etc. Accounting and legal-Outside professional services. Fixed Expenses Rent-List only real estate used in business. Depreciation-Amortization of capital assets like computers. Utilities-Water, heat, light, etc. Insurance-Fire or liability on property or products. Include workers’ compensation. Loan repayments-Interest on outstanding loans. Miscellaneous-Unspecified; small expenditures without separate accounts. Net Profit (loss) (before taxes) Subtract total expenses from gross profit. Taxes – Include inventory and sales tax, excise tax, real estate tax, etc. Net Profit (loss) (after taxes) Subtract taxes from net profit (before taxes) Annual Total – For each of the sales and expense items in your income projection statement, add all the monthly or quarterly figures across the table and put the result in the annual total column. Annual Percentage Calculate the annual percentage by dividing Annual total x 100% Sample INSTRUCTIONS FOR BALANCE SHEET Figures used to compile the balance sheet are taken from the previous and current balance sheet as well as the current income statement. The income statement is usually attached to the balance sheet. The following text covers the essential elements of the balance sheet. At the top of the page fill in the legal name of the business, the type of statement and the day, month and year. Assets List anything of value that is owned or legally due the business. Total assets include all net values. These are the amounts derived when you subtract depreciation and amortization from the original costs of acquiring the assets. Current Assets Cash-List cash and resources that can be converted into cash within 12 months of the date of the balance sheet (or during one established cycle of operation). Include money on hand and demand deposits in the bank, e. g. , checking accounts and regular savings accounts. Petty cash-If your business has a fund for small miscellaneous expenditures, include the total here. Accounts receivable-The amounts due from customers in payment for merchandise or services. Inventory-Includes raw materials on hand, work in progress and all finished goods, either manufactured or purchased for resale. Short-term investments-Also called temporary investments or marketable securities, these include interest- or dividend-yielding holdings expected to be converted into cash within a year. List stocks and bonds, certificates of deposit and time-deposit savings accounts at either their cost or market value, whichever is less. Prepaid expenses-Goods, benefits or services a business buys or rents in advance. Examples are office supplies, insurance protection and floor space. Long-term Investments Also called long-term assets, these are holdings the business intends to keep for at least a year and that typically yield interest or dividends. Included are stocks, bonds and savings accounts earmarked for special purposes. Fixed Assets Also called plant and equipment. Includes all resources a business owns or acquires for use in operations and not intended for resale. Fixed assets may be leased. Depending on the leasing arrangements, both the value and the liability of the leased property may need to be listed on the balance sheet. Land-List original purchase price without allowances for market value. †¢ Buildings †¢ Improvements †¢ Equipment †¢ Furniture an Computers †¢ Automobile/vehicles Liabilities Current Liabilities List all debts, monetary obligations and claims payable within 12 months or within one cycle of operation. Typically they include the following: †¢ Accounts payable-Amounts owed to suppliers for goods and services purchased in connection with business operations. Notes payable-The balance of principal due to pay off short-term debt for borrowed funds. Also includes the current amount due of total balance on notes whose terms exceed 12 months. Interest payable-Any accrued fees due for use of both short- and long-term borrowed capital and credit extended to the business. †¢ Taxes payable-Amounts estimated by an accountant to have been incurred during the accounting period. †¢ Payroll accrual-Salaries and wages currently owed. Long-term Liabilities Notes payable-List notes, contract payments or mortgage payments due over a period exceeding 12 months or one cycle of operation. They are listed by outstanding balance less the current position due. Net worth Also called owner’s equity, net worth is the claim of the owner(s) on the assets of the business. In a proprietorship or partnership, equity is each owner’s original investment plus any earnings after withdrawals. Total Liabilities and Net Worth The sum of these two amounts must always match that for total assets. MONTHLY CASH FLOW PROJECTION 1. Cash on hand (beginning month) 2. Cash receipts †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ (a) Cash sales (b) Collections from credit accounts (c) Loan or other cash injections (specify) 3. Total cash receipts (2a+2b+2c=3) 4. Total cash available (Before cash out) (1+3) 5. Cash paid out †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ a) purchases (merchandise) (b) Gross wages (excludes withdrawals) (c) Payroll expenses (taxes, etc. ) (d) Outside services (e) Supplies (office and operating) (f) Repairs and maintenance (g) Advertising (h) Car, delivery and travel (i) Accounting and legal (j) Rent (k) Telephone (l) Utilities (m) Insurance (n) Taxes (real estate, etc. ) (o) Interest (p) Other expenses (specify each) (q) Miscellaneous (unspecified) (r) Subtotal (s) Loan principal payment †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ (t) Capital purchases (specify) (u) Other start-up costs (v) Reserve and/or escrow (specify) (w) Owner’s withdrawal 6. Total cash paid out (5a through 5w) . Cash position (end of month) (4 minus 6) †¢ †¢ Essential operating data (non-cash flow information) †¢ A. Sales volume (dollars) †¢ B. Accounts receivable †¢ (end on month) †¢ C. Bad debt (end of †¢ month) †¢ D. Inventory on hand (end †¢ of month) †¢ E. Accounts payable (end †¢ of month) INSTRUCTIONS FOR MONTHLY CASH FLOW PROJECTION 1. Cash on hand (beginning of month) — Cash on hand same as (7), Cash position, pervious month 2. Cash receipts (a) Cash sales-All cash sales. Omit credit sales unless cash is actually received (b) Gross wages (including withdrawals)-Amount to be expected from all accounts. (c) Loan or other cash injection-Indicate here all cash injections not shown in 2(a) or 2(b) above. 3. Total cash receipts (2a+2b+2c=3) 4. Total cash available (before cash out)(1+3) 5. Cash paid out (a) Purchases (merchandise)–Merchandise for resale or for use in product (paid for in current month). (b) Gross wages (including withdrawals)-Base pay plus overtime (if any) (c) Payroll expenses (taxes, etc. )– Include paid vacations, paid sick leave, health insurance, unemployment insurance, (this might be 10 to 45% of 5(b)) (d) Outside services-This could include outside labor and/or material for pecialized or overflow work, including subcontracting (e) Supplies (office and operating)–Items purchased for use in the business (not for resale) (f) Repairs and maintenance-Include periodic large expenditures such as painting or decorating (g) Advertising-This amount should be adequate to maintain sales volume (h) Car, delivery and travel-If personal car is used, charge in this column, include parking (i) Accounting and legal-Outside services, including, for example, bookkeeping (j) Rent-Real estate only (See 5(p) for other rentals) †¢ (k) Telephone (l) Utilities-Water, heat, light and/or power (m) Insurance-Coverage on business property and products (fire, liability); also worker’s compensation, fidelity, etc. Exclude executive life (include in 5(w)) (n) Taxes (real estate, etc. )– Plus inventory tax, sales tax, excise tax, if applicable †¢ (o) Interest-Remember to add interest on loan as it is injected (See 2 © above) (p) Other expenses (specify each) Unexpected expenditures may be included here as a safety factorEquipment expenses during the month should be included ere (non-capital equipment) When equipment is rented or leased, record payments here (q) Miscellaneous (unspecified)–Small expenditures for which separate accounts would be practical (r) Subtotal-This subtotal indicates cash out for op (s) Loan principal payment-Include payment on all loans, including vehicle and equipment purchases on time payment (t) Capital purchases (specify)–Nonexpensed (depreciable) expenditures such as equipment, building purchases on time payment (u) Other start-up costs-Expenses incurred prior to first month projection and paid for after startup (v) Reserve and/or escrow (specify) Example: insurance, tax or equipment escrow to reduce impact of large periodic payments (w) Owner’s withdrawals-Should include payment for such things as owner’s income tax, social security, health insurance, executive life insurance premiums, etc. 6. Total cash paid out (5a through 5w) 7. Cash position (end on month) (4 minus 6)-Enter this amount in (1) Cash on hand following monthEssential operating data (non-cash flow information)-This is basic information necessary for proper planning and for proper cash flow projection. Also with this data, the cash flow can be evolved and shown in the above form. A. Sales volume (dollars)–This is a very important figure and should be estimated carefully, taking into account size of facility and employee output as well as realistic anticipated sales (actual sales, not orders received). B. Accounts receivable (end of month)-Previous unpaid credit sales plus current month’s credit sales, less amounts received current month (deduct â€Å"C† below) C.Bad debt (end on month)– Bad debts should be subtracted from (B) in the month anticipated D. Inventory on hand (end on month)– Last month’s inventory plus merchandise received and/or manufactured current month minus amount sold current month E. Accounts payable (end of month) Previous month’s payable plus current month’s payable minus amount paid during month. F. Depreciation-Established by your accountant, or value of all your equipment divided by useful life (in months) as allowed by Internal Revenue Service How to cite Developing Financial Projections, Essay examples Developing Financial Projections Free Essays PUBLIC COMPANY MANAGEMENT SERVICES WHITE PAPER Developing Financial Projections for NonFinance People This White Paper gives you the tools to answer the two most important questions any business must ask: â€Å"Are you financially prepared to begin? Are we able to sustain ourselves? † You’ll learn: †¢ What’s on financial statements and how they get there †¢ How to develop and understand income statements †¢ How to set up and read balance sheets †¢ How to use common formulas to evaluate cash flow †¢ How to create a budget using standard guidelines †¢ How to read and evaluate income projections †¢ How to develop your own financial projections through a â€Å"fill in the blanks† approach† †¢ How to accurately determine the value of your idea or business This memorandum is provided by Public Company Management Services for educational purposes only and is not intended and should not be construed as legal advice. 2004  © Public Company Management Services 5770 El Camino Road. Las Vegas, NV 89118 Phone: (702) 222-9076 http://www. We will write a custom essay sample on Developing Financial Projections or any similar topic only for you Order Now pubcowhitepapers. com http://www. pcms-team. com http://www. foreigncompanylisting. com http://www. gopublictoday. com A Budget and Financial Worksheet Overview Managers must ask, ‘is the business financially prepared to begin/continue’? Understanding basic budgeting guidelines, income projection statements, balance sheets and common formulas to evaluate cash flow help ensure successful operations. This financial knowledge significantly impacts a company’s short term and long term success. START-UP BUDGET †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ personnel (costs prior to opening) legal/professional fees occupancy licenses/permits equipment insurance supplies advertising/promotions salaries/wages accounting income utilities payroll expenses An operating budget is prepared when you are actually ready to open for business. The operating budget will reflect your priorities in terms of how you spend your money, the expenses you will incur and how you will meet those expenses (income). Your operating budget also should include money to cover the first three to six months of operation. It should allow for the following expenses. OPERATING BUDGET †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ personnel insurance rent depreciation loan payments advertising/promotions legal/accounting miscellaneous expenses supplies payroll expenses Developing Projections www. publiccompanywhitepapers. om 14001 May 20,2003 †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ salaries/wages utilities dues/subscriptions/fees taxes repairs/maintenance Other questions that you will need to consider are: †¢ What type of accounting system will your use? Is it a single entry or dual entry system? †¢ What are your sales and profit goals for the coming year? If a franchise, will the franchisor set your sales and profit goals? Or, will he or she expect you to reach and retain a certain sales level and profit margin? †¢ What financial projections will you need to include in your business plan? †¢ What kind of inventory control system will you use? Sample balance sheets, income projections (profit and loss statements) and cash flow statements are included below along with detailed instructions for completing same. INCOME PROJECTION STATEMENT †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Total net sales (revenues) Costs of sales Gross profit Gross profit margin Controllable expenses Salaries/wages Payroll expenses Legal/accounting Advertising Automobile Office supplies Dues/Subscriptions Utilities Miscellaneous Total controllable expenses Fixed expenses Rent Depreciation Utilities Insurance License/permits Loan payments Miscellaneous †¢ Total fixed expenses Total expenses Net profit (loss) before taxes Taxes †¢ Net profit (loss) after taxes INSTRUCTIONS FOR INCOME PROJECTIONS STATEMENT The income projections (profit and loss) statement is valuable as both a planning tool and a key management tool to help control business operations. It enables you to develop a preview of the amount of income generated each month and for the business year, based on reasonable predictions of monthly levels of sales, costs and expenses. As monthly or quarterly projections are developed and entered into the income projections statement, they can serve as definite goals for controlling the business operation. As actual operating results become known each month, they should be recorded for comparison with the monthly projections. A completed income statement allows you to compare actual figures with projections and to take steps to correct any problems. Industry Percentage In the industry percentage column, enter the percentages of total sales (revenues) that are standard for your industry, which are derived by dividing Costs/expenses items x 100% These percentages can be obtained from various sources, such as trade associations, accountants or banks. Industry figures serve as a useful bench mark against which to compare cost and expense estimates that you develop for your firm. Compare the figures in the industry percentage column to those in the annual percentage column. Total Net Sales (Revenues) Determine the total number of units of consulting service you realistically expect to sell each period (per month or quarter) in each area of your business at the prices you expect to get. Use this step to create the projections to review your pricing practices. †¢ Exclude any revenue that is not strictly related to the business. Cost of Sales The key to calculating your cost of sales is that you do not overlook any costs that you have incurred. Calculate cost of sales of all services used to determine total net sales. Do not overlook transportation or travel costs if you’re working at a distance. Also include all direct labor. Gross Profit Subtract the total cost of sales from the total net sales to obtain gross profit. Gross Profit Margin The gross profit is expressed as a percentage of total sales (revenues). It is calculated by dividing gross profits by total net sales Controllable (also known as Variable) Expenses †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Salary expenses-Base pay plus overtime. Payroll expenses-Include paid vacations, sick leave, health insurance, unemployment insurance and social security taxes – may or may not be applicable. Outside services-Include costs of subcontracts, overflow work and special or one-time services. Supplies-Services and items purchased for use in the business. Repair and maintenance-Regular maintenance and repair. Advertising-Include desired sales volume and classified directory advertising expenses. Car delivery and travel-Include charges if personal car is used in business, including parking, tools, buying trips, etc. Accounting and legal-Outside professional services. Fixed Expenses †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Rent-List only real estate used in business. Depreciation-Amortization of capital assets like computers. Utilities-Water, heat, light, etc. Insurance-Fire or liability on property or products. Include workers’ compensation. Loan repayments-Interest on outstanding loans. Miscellaneous-Unspecified; small expenditures without separate accounts. Net Profit (loss) (before taxes) †¢ Subtract total expenses from gross profit. †¢ Taxes – Include inventory and sales tax, excise tax, real estate tax, etc. Net Profit (loss) (after taxes) †¢ Subtract taxes from net profit (before taxes) Annual Total – For each of the sales and expense items in your income projection statement, add all the monthly or quarterly figures across the table and put the result in the annual total column. Annual Percentage †¢ Calculate the annual percentage by dividing Annual total x 100% Sample BALANCE SHEET A ssets Current assets Cash $_______ Petty cash $_______ Accounts receivable $_______ Inventory $_______ Short-term investment $_______ Prepaid expenses $_______ Long-term investment $_______ Fixed assets Land $_______ Buildings $_______ Improvements $_______ Equipment $_______ Furniture $_______ Automobile/vehicles $_______ Other assets †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ 1. $_______ 2. $_______ 3. $_______ 4. $_______ †¢ Total assets $______ Liabilities Current Liabilities Accounts payable $______ Notes payable $______ Interest payable $______ Taxes payable Federal income tax $______ State income tax $______ Self-employment tax $______ Sales tax (SBE) $______ Property tax $______ Payroll accrual $______ Long-term liabilities Notes payable $______ Total liabilities $______ Net worth (owner equity) $______ Proprietorship or Partnership (name’s) equity $_____ (name’s) equity $_____ or †¢ Corporation Capital stock $_____ Surplus paid in $_____ Retained earnings $_____ Total net worth $_____ †¢ Total liabilities and †¢ total net worth $_____ (Total assets will always equal total liabilities and total net worth) _______________________________________________ INSTRUCTIONS FOR BALANCE SHEET Figures used to compile the balance sheet are taken from the previous and current balance sheet as well as the current income statement. The income statement is usually attached to the balance sheet. The following text covers the essential elements of the balance sheet. At the top of the page fill in the legal name of the business, the type of statement and the day, month and year. Assets List anything of value that is owned or legally due the business. Total assets include all net values. These are the amounts derived when you subtract depreciation and amortization from the original costs of acquiring the assets. Current Assets †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Cash-List cash and resources that can be converted into cash within 12 months of the date of the balance sheet (or during one established cycle of operation). Include money on hand and demand deposits in the bank, e. g. , checking accounts and regular savings accounts. Petty cash-If your business has a fund for small miscellaneous expenditures, include the total here. Accounts receivable-The amounts due from customers in payment for merchandise or services. Inventory-Includes raw materials on hand, work in progress and all finished goods, either manufactured or purchased for resale. Short-term investments-Also called temporary investments or marketable securities, these include interest- or dividend-yielding holdings expected to be converted into cash within a year. List stocks and bonds, certificates of deposit and time-deposit savings accounts at either their cost or market value, whichever is less. Prepaid expenses-Goods, benefits or services a business buys or rents in advance. Examples are office supplies, insurance protection and floor space. Long-term Investments Also called long-term assets, these are holdings the business intends to keep for at least a year and that typically yield interest or dividends. Included are stocks, bonds and savings accounts earmarked for special purposes. Fixed Assets Also called plant and equipment. Includes all resources a business owns or acquires for use in operations and not intended for resale. Fixed assets may be leased. Depending on the leasing arrangements, both the value and the liability of the leased property may need to be listed on the balance sheet. Land-List original purchase price without allowances for market value. †¢ Buildings †¢ Improvements †¢ Equipment †¢ Furniture an Computers †¢ Automobile/vehicles Liabilities Current Liabilities List all debts, monetary obligations and claims payable within 12 months or within one cycle of operation. Typically they include the following: â⠂¬ ¢ Accounts payable-Amounts owed to suppliers for goods and services purchased in connection with business operations. †¢ Notes payable-The balance of principal due to pay off short-term debt for borrowed funds. Also includes the current amount due of total balance on notes whose terms exceed 12 months. Interest payable-Any accrued fees due for use of both short- and long-term borrowed capital and credit extended to the business. †¢ Taxes payable-Amounts estimated by an accountant to have been incurred during the accounting period. †¢ Payroll accrual-Salaries and wages currently owed. Long-term Liabilities Notes payable-List notes, contract payments or mortgage payments due over a period exceeding 12 months or one cycle of operation. They are listed by outstanding balance less the current position due. Net worth Also called owner’s equity, net worth is the claim of the owner(s) on the assets of the business. In a proprietorship or partnership, equity is each owner’s original investment plus any earnings after withdrawals. Total Liabilities and Net Worth The sum of these two amounts must always match that for total assets. __________________________________________________ MONTHLY CASH FLOW PROJECTION 1. Cash on hand (beginning month) 2. Cash receipts †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ (a) Cash sales (b) Collections from credit accounts (c) Loan or other cash injections (specify) 3. Total cash receipts (2a+2b+2c=3) 4. Total cash available (Before cash out) (1+3) 5. Cash paid out †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ a) purchases (merchandise) (b) Gross wages (excludes withdrawals) (c) Payroll expenses (taxes, etc. ) (d) Outside services (e) Supplies (office and operating) (f) Repairs and maintenance (g) Advertising (h) Car, delivery and trav el (i) Accounting and legal (j) Rent (k) Telephone (l) Utilities (m) Insurance (n) Taxes (real estate, etc. ) (o) Interest (p) Other expenses (specify each) (q) Miscellaneous (unspecified) (r) Subtotal (s) Loan principal payment †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ (t) Capital purchases (specify) (u) Other start-up costs (v) Reserve and/or escrow (specify) (w) Owner’s withdrawal 6. Total cash paid out (5a through 5w) . Cash position (end of month) (4 minus 6) †¢ †¢ Essential operating data (non-cash flow information) †¢ A. Sales volume (dollars) †¢ B. Accounts receivable †¢ (end on month) †¢ C. Bad debt (end of †¢ month) †¢ D. Inventory on hand (end †¢ of month) †¢ E. Accounts payable (end †¢ of month) INSTRUCTIONS FOR MONTHLY CASH FLOW PROJECTION †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ 1. Cash on hand (beginning of month) — Cash on hand same as (7), Cash position, pervious month 2. Cash receipts †¢ (a) Cash sales-All cash sales. Omit credit sales unless cash is actually received †¢ (b) Gross wages (including withdrawals)-Amount to be expected from all accounts. (c) Loan or other cash injection-Indicate here all cash injections not shown in 2(a) or 2(b) above. 3. Total cash receipts (2a+2b+2c=3) 4. Total cash available (before cash out)(1+3) 5. Cash paid out †¢ (a) Purchases (merchandise)–Merchandise for resale or for use in product (paid for in current month). †¢ (b) Gross wages (including withdrawals)-Base pay plus overtime (if any) †¢ (c) Payroll expenses (taxes, etc. )– Include paid vacations, paid sick leave, health insurance, unemployment insurance, (this might be 10 to 45% of 5(b)) †¢ (d) Outside services-This could include outside labor and/or material for pecialized or overflow work, including subcontracting †¢ (e) Supplies (office and operating)–Items purchased for use in the business (not for resale) †¢ (f) Repairs and maintenance-Include periodic large expenditures such as painting or decorating †¢ (g) Advertising-This amount should be adequate to maintain sales volume †¢ (h) Car, delivery and travel-If personal car is used, charge in this column, include parking †¢ (i) Accounting and legal-Outside services, including, for example, bookkeeping †¢ (j) Rent-Real estate only (See 5(p) for other rentals) †¢ (k) Telephone †¢ (l) Utilities-Water, heat, light and/or power (m) Insurance-Coverage on business property and products (fire, liability); also worker’s compensation, fidelity, etc. Exclude executive life (include in 5(w)) †¢ (n) Taxes (real estate, etc. )– Plus inventory tax, sales tax, excise tax, if applicable †¢ (o) Interest-Remember to add interest on loan as it is injected (See 2 © above) †¢ (p) Other expenses (specify each) _________________________________________ _____________________________________ Unexpected e xpenditures may be included here as a safety factor________________________________________ Equipment expenses during the month should be included ere (non-capital equipment)__________________________ When equipment is rented or leased, record payments here †¢ (q) Miscellaneous (unspecified)–Small expenditures for which separate accounts would be practical †¢ (r) Subtotal-This subtotal indicates cash out for op †¢ (s) Loan principal payment-Include payment on all loans, including vehicle and equipment purchases on time payment †¢ (t) Capital purchases (specify)–Nonexpensed (depreciable) expenditures such as equipment, building purchases on time payment †¢ (u) Other start-up costs-Expenses incurred prior to first month projection and paid for after startup (v) Reserve and/or escrow (specify)– Example: insurance, tax or equipment escrow to reduce impact of large periodic payments †¢ (w) Owner’s withdrawals-Should include paymen t for such things as owner’s income tax, social security, health insurance, executive life insurance premiums, etc. †¢ 6. Total cash paid out (5a through 5w) †¢ 7. Cash position (end on month) (4 minus 6)-Enter this amount in (1) Cash on hand following monthEssential operating data (non-cash flow information)-This is basic information necessary for proper planning and for proper cash flow projection. Also with this data, the cash flow can be evolved and shown in the above form. †¢ A. Sales volume (dollars)–This is a very important figure and should be estimated carefully, taking into account size of facility and employee output as well as realistic †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ anticipated sales (actual sales, not orders received). B. Accounts receivable (end of month)-Previous unpaid credit sales plus current month’s credit sales, less amounts received current month (deduct â€Å"C† below) C. Bad debt (end on month)– Bad debts should be subtracted from (B) in the month anticipated D. Inventory on hand (end on month)– Last month’s inventory plus merchandise received and/or manufactured current month minus amount sold current month E. Accounts payable (end of month) Previous month’s payable plus current month’s payable minus amount paid during month. F. Depreciation-Established by your accountant, or value of all your equipment divided by useful life (in months) as allowed by Internal Revenue Service How to cite Developing Financial Projections, Papers

Position of Women in Society free essay sample

Students will be able to recognize differences in position which are the result of the status of the women. They will be able to assess the roles of women in western civilization with an understanding of their precursors. Students will analyze material from a primary source to evaluate the station of women in society. They will also be able to utilize and appreciate information gained through art and other disciplines. It will expand the students’ understanding of research through incorporation of other disciplines into their work. Latin Lesson Plan: ? Selected readings from the Metamorphoses by Ovid Baucis and Philemon o Pyramus and Thisbe o Pygmalion o Orpheus and Eurydice ? Readings relating to the position of women in ancient Greece and Rome ? Research and lectures in art and other related disciplines Objectives: Every learner will be able to: ? Identify and differentiate the position of women in ancient Greece and Rome. ? Understand how class distinction affects the posit ion of women in antiquity ? Read and analyze a primary source to understand the position of women ? Utilize information from art and other disciplines to gain a more substantial view of women Materials: ? Text: Metamorphoses ? Internet Access ? Handouts National Standards: ? Goal 1 Communication: Communicate in a Classical Language o Standard 1. 1 Students read, understand, and interpret Latin. o Standard 1. 2 Students use orally, listen to, and write Latin as part of the language learning process. ? Goal 2 Culture: Gain Knowledge and Understanding of Greco-Roman Culture o Standard 2. 1 Students demonstrate an understanding of the perspectives of Greek of Greek or Roman culture as revealed in the practices of the Greeks or Romans o Standard 2. Students demonstrate an understanding of the perspectives of Greek or Roman culture as revealed in the products of the Greeks or Romans ? Goal 3 Connections: Connect with Other Disciplines and Expand Knowledge o Standard 3. 2 Students expand their knowledge through the reading of Latin or Greek and the study of ancient culture. ? Goal 4 Comparisons: Develop Insight into Own Language and Culture o Standard 4. 2 Students compare and contrast their own culture with that of the Greco-Roman world. Introduction: Students will fill out a pre-reading survey to determine their base of knowledge and engage their interest. Procedures: Students will read a packet about the position of women in ancient Greece and Rome. They may also research this subject on the internet at various websites. After completing the reading and research, they will take a post-reading survey. This will be followed by self-assessment of what they have learned. Students will learn about art as a source of information for examining the position of women in antiquity. This will be in the form of a lectures, internet exploration, and a field trip. Students will develop a list of questions as related to their field trip. They will discuss their questions and answers in a group setting. The students will begin to read and translate selections from the Metamorphoses. They will examine vocabulary, etymology, nuances of words, poetic devices and scansion to more clearly analyze the view of women within the context of the story. The students will examine the story within the confines of the society represented and will analyze the mores of the society represented by the story. Students will analyze the material and evelop mastery over vocabulary and form. Students will research to gain understanding from sources of analysis and literary criticism. Students will familiarize themselves with the content of the stories as well. Students will engage in writing a research paper examining the role and position of the woman in each story. The student will further expand the project in the form of an interactive presentation which involves o ther disciplines to support the premise in the research paper or expand the understanding of the class regarding the position of women in society. Assessment: ? Self-assessment of reading exercises ? Aural assessment of discussion of questions and answers from museum experience ? Graded assessment of Latin vocabulary, grammar, translation, scansion, and poetic devices ? Graded assessment of research paper ? Graded assessment of interactive project Interdisciplinary Connections: This lesson plan is closely aligned with the curriculum for AP Latin Literature and Latin III-IV Honors. The AP exam will test students on their ability to read, translate, understand, analyze, and interpret the required poems of Ovid and Catullus. This lesson will give the students an in depth view of selected readings from the Metamorphoses by Ovid. The connection between Latin Literature and the arts is one of supporting evidence. Art provides views of women which existed in antiquity as well as subsequent history. It is particularly valuable in the study of Latin as there are many areas which are rounded out by information provided in art. There is a somewhat limited view of women in antiquity and art provides some of the answers to the mystery of women’s roles and place in society. Future Unit Ideas: An idea to incorporate into the curriculum would be to examine the position of women by reviewing the material of a different author or authors. Catullus would be particularly apropos due to the inclusion of his poetry in the AP Latin Literature syllabus. Another author worth examining would be Vergil since some of the students completed the AP Vergil course last year.