Dickens created Essay

All the characters that Dickens’s has labelled criminals, Toby Crackit, Mr Chitling and Kags Adress and respond to each other very sarcastically and also very aggressively, in a way that suggests to the reader that they are not all friends as you first think and that they have no loyalty to each other and are just with each other because they have the same basis of work and business ethics. Fagin is described in chapter 50 as he is getting arrested as a rough, battling character struggling with the police and being all muddy and bleeding, Dickens has put Fagin in this situation which could best describe him and what he is all about, not necessarily his features, but his links with the police and his links with crime. Dickens describes the main criminal in chapter 50 at his lowest point, when he enters that room with his fellow criminals, ‘Blanched face, sunken eyes, hollow cheeks, beard of three days’ growth, wasted flesh, short thick breath; it was the very ghost of Sikes. This sentence is full of short descriptive sentences that are saying to the readers that Sikes is destroyed, he has been hiding away for the crime of murder and is just a translucent figure of Sikes when he used to be a strong and ironically ghastly figure with no power, Sikes is now battered, Sikes has now got nothing and Sikes is on the run! Leading up to the climax of chapter 50 Dickens describes the mob of Londoners chasing down Sikes in the tight alleys and roads of London, he depicts them as a crowd of a ‘strong struggling current of angry faces’ that are all out after Sikes ‘the murderer’, Dickens has used those descriptions to show the sheer scale of the force wanting to capture this one man, a current of people, suggesting it is like a river of people flowing along the streets. Later in the scene an old man cries ‘I will give fifty pounds to the man who takes him alive’, fifty pounds in those times was an enormous amount of money which again shows the sheer scale of the wanting of this man. The climax is ultimately the death of Bill Sikes in this chapter, when Sikes is on that roof ready to try his escape Dickens finally de-humanises the villain at last by instead of calling him Sikes calling him ‘the murderer’ to tell the audience just exactly what he is, which is nothing. The way Dickens depicts the death of Sikes is very dramatic in the way that he dies, jumping off a roof and accidentally hanging yourself isn’t the best way to go or the most common in any story, Dickens used this way of death to give justice, melodrama and a gothic feel which would add real feel to how the audience would feel at the death of a person who has been hated by most throughout the whole story. The speed of Sikes death is quite important, the use of verbs such as staggering, tumbled, which is when Sikes loses his balance and goes over the edge of the building. Sikes death is also set at night time to add a little more drama and a chase factor to the dramatic end. The noose in those times was common for convicted murderers to receive when arrested, so for Sikes to die in a noose was justified in the end. Dickens had a message to the reader in the end of this chapter which is to draw attention to a range of social injustices in those times, which means a lot of people getting away with crimes which obviously dickens felt strongly about, Dickens didn’t just simply tell people about this he used a range of techniques to excite the reader and to please the reader. Overall Dickens created this chapter to avenge Nancy’s death, we know this because Sikes cries ‘The eyes again! ‘ referring to Nancy’s eyes. Which leaves the reader feeling happy about Sikes death and making the reader want to read his next edition in his paper.

Health Care Communications Methods Essay

Health Care Communications Methods In the health care industry there are several different ways to communicate. We must communicate with the doctors, nurses, care givers, patients and their family, guardian or representative. There are formal and informal ways of communication, as well as verbal and nonverbal ways to communicate. There are advantages and disadvantages to all of these communication choices, and HIPAA of 1996 regulates all of the information and the degree of how it is communicated and to whom it is communicated. There are several different types of communication methods that can be used when transferring information. There is verbal and nonverbal communication. Verbal communication would include things like speaking face to face, or when you are using the telephone, which is another great way to use verbal communication. Some other types of verbal communications would be the telemedicine; this is the clinics adoption of things like voice mail. According to a study done by NIH 50% of communication done in a clinical setting is done face to face while the other 25% is done through email and 25% is done through voice mail. (Tang, 1996). While according to another study 50% of all communications done in a hospital setting is done face to face with the patient themselves (Touissant, 2005). When you are communicating using nonverbal communication, would be when you are communicating through sign language, eye contact, body language, hand written communication, emails, fax’s and text messaging. With these types of communication there is always room for potential errors to occur, due to typing errors, spelling mistakes and grammatical errors â€Å"If information is the lifeblood of healthcare then communications system is the heart that pumps it† (Lang, 1978). The communication process is made up of the people sending and receiving the message. The communication channel is quote the pipe that the message travels on. As the administrator of a small local nursing home I have just received information that a large national group is purchasing our small establishment. This is going to pose several challenges because many of my patients either have trouble communicating, either because of health reasons or the fact they cannot understand, I have a lady that does not speak a bit of English, and she is deaf. This poses a big problem because I will need to get a Spanish speaking person that knows  how to use sign language in Spanish. For my patients that do not have any family in the local area I will have to send out written notification to their family members last known address and request the mail to be forwarded. I will try to use any email addresses that the family or guardians have left for us to use in case of an emergency. It is a possibility to use social media like face book and twitter to put out a message regarding the nursing home being sold and the patients being displaced but there is only a limited amount of information we can put on the interned due to the HIPAA and the protected medical health records (duPre, 2005). The information used in the social media sites must be general in nature only, no names or personal information can be released or that would be a violation of the HIPAA privacy act which would come with sanctions and fines that the nursing home cannot aff ord, especially now, the last thing we need is negative publicity. With all communication there are advantages and disadvantages, some of the advantages of using social media like face book and twitter would be the fact that you can reach hundreds, thousands even millions of people with only one post on the social media sites. Some of the disadvantages of using social media sites are the restrictions and lack of detail we are able to use when referencing the patients. Some of the family members have not seen their family in several years and it is possible without a name they may not even know that the message would or could pertain to them or their family because it has been so long since they have had any contact with them. In conclusion there are many different ways to communicate in the health care industry, there are verbal and nonverbal communications, and there are formal and informal ways of communication. We can communicate face to face, over the phone, via email, voice mail, face book and twitter. The HIPAA privacy act of 1996 protects and regulates the way we disclose the protected medical information about our patients. When communicating information over the internet through face book, twitter and other social media sites there are specific protocol that must be followed on order to protect the privacy of our patients protected medical records. References Tang, P.C.,(1996) Clinical information activities in diverse ambulatory care practices. Falls Surp. PubMed . Touissant, P.J. (2005). Supporting communications in health care. Boston, PubMed. duPre, A. (2005). Communicating about health care. Current issues and perspectives (2nd ed.). Boston, McGraw Hill. Hicks, N.J. & Nicols, C.M. (2012). Health industry communication. New media, new method, new message, Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning

Concerning a Pretended Right to Lie from Motives of Humanity by Assignment

Concerning a Pretended Right to Lie from Motives of Humanity by Immanuel Kant - Assignment Example This is due to the fact that a man who speaks the truth should not be seen as responsible for the consequences resulting from his/her honest answer. The harm caused to a person as a result of the truthfulness does not impose any moral or legal responsibility to the one who has told the truth, because in this case we are talking about an accident. This is due to the fact that a lie â€Å"always hurts another; and if not another man, at least man kind in general by making the source of all right useless† (Kant and Kroeger 12). It makes no sense to define a lie as the falsehood that harms another because causing harm is the very essence of the lie. Despite the fact that in some cases, a lie is seen as an opportunity to save a loved one, however the consequences can be quite severe, including the tragic ones. In particular, if someone in an attempt to save the life of his friend lied to a murderer about the location of his friend and yet the murder has happened, this person may be punishable under civil law. In this case, the person who told the lie is responsible for the consequences. Constants believes that in some cases, truthfulness may harm another person, but in fact truthfulness cannot cause harm because it is a formal duty. Harm can be caused only by an accident (casus) to which the veracity is irrelevant. For this reason, truthfulness should be considered as an unconditional duty in any

Final Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Final Exam - Essay Example Though some of these values evolve to embrace the changing times and others may interpret it differently under different situation but the universal acceptance of what is right and what is wrong has given them a strong foothold to withstand the adversities of the time. Barring serious acts of omission and commission, it is increasingly becoming difficult for a person to maintain a high level of personal integrity as very often the personal values clash with the organization’s objectives and organization’s target based results. The application of ‘Ethical Business Leader’s Decision Tree’ helps to evaluate the ethical and legal dilemma of the issue at hand. In the contemporary time, the tree helps to evaluate the actions and performance outcome of the business decisions so as to ensure that the companies and business enterprises conform to the wider interests of their various stakeholders. The tree also promotes a sense of corporate social responsibility and relates the ‘standards imposed by law with those mandated as a matter of ethics’ (Ethics, Value Creation and Risk Management). As per the decision tree, the restaurant is bound to safeguard the interests of its customers by providing them with safe and edible food items. The contaminated sausages pose a threat to the well being of the customers and therefore, not only the whole shipment of the contaminated sausages be withdrawn, the seven customers who had fallen sick after eating those sausages, should also be appropriately compensated. The law also makes disclosure necessary under the ‘prevention of deceptive practices’ and Jerry and his partner must disclose that the contaminated sausages have been withdrawn from the restaurant menu. The decision tree has huge implications for all types of actions and business decisions for all stakeholders. The anxiety of George, business partner of Jerry, is also genuine because they have put a huge amount of money into

Social Skills Development in Early Childhood Essay

Social Skills Development in Early Childhood - Essay Example If a child does not have the required confidence and charisma in them they might not be able to survive as better individuals in this society, therefore, development of social skills is very important in schools as well as at home. This report discusses two references that have been used to help understand the importance of developing social skills in early childhood and how to cater to the child's needs. Both of these articles were found on the internet. The first one is a 'peer reviewed' article from the 'Australian Journal for Early Childhood' written by Jacquelyn Mize and Ellen Abell. The other one is another article that is directed towards the parents titled 'How your lifestyle can be a positive model for your child's social skills' by an author surnamed Jet. Reference Details: Jacquelyn Mize, Ellen Abell (year) Encouraging Social Skills in young Children: Tips Teachers can share with parents. Retrieved November 1, 2007, from web title Web site: http://www.earlychildhoodaustralia.org. The target audience in both the audience is mainly the parents who can be a great help in developing social skills in their kids. ... The target audience in both the audience is mainly the parents who can be a great help in developing social skills in their kids. Both the articles enlighten us with tips and tricks parents can use at home to help their children boost up their public skills. The authors have facilitated the concept of home-learning with the help of examples, stressing on the fact that it is at the home where the child learns most of his social and personal traits. Children who display high levels of social competence typically enjoy parent-child relationships characterized by positive and agreeable interactions, acceptance (Cohn, Patterson, & Christopoulous, 1991; Pettit & Mize, 1993; Putallaz, 1987) Both the sources were located by using the search engines available to us. The search terms used to locate the peer reviewed journal were 'journal of social development' and 'peer reviewed social journals'. The search engine specifically Google and Yahoo were used to locate the Australian Journal for Early Childhood. The same were used to locate the other article. In the first article by Jacquelyn Mize basically tries to illustrate the fact that how parents can influence their children's upbringing and how they can help them to develop social skills in them so that one day they can become socially competent with the world. This article provides the viewers with specific steps that the author has provided to facilitate the parents. The article starts by stating that it is not unusual to have children who are shy when compared to others and parent's worries are equally acceptable about this fact. The author has then discussed the idea of socially competent pre-schoolers and how they boost up the environment present in a class room with their vibrant

Analysis of USAs Climate Change policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Analysis of USAs Climate Change policies - Essay Example Among the greenhouse gasses, the most potent are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N20) and these are results of anthropogenic climate change (www.global-greenhouse-warming.com). Recognizing the hazard that greenhouse gases have and that these climate changes are anthropogenic, there have been efforts from around the world to address the problems. One of these is the Kyoto Protocol. It is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change that sets binding targets for 37 industrialized countries for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (UNFCCC). "While the convention encourages industrialized nations to stabilize GHG emissions, the protocol commits them to do so" (UNFCCC). The Kyoto protocol states that the Parties included in Annex I shall pursue limitation or reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol from aviation and marine bunker fuels. Therefore, the parties in Annex I are expected to enact policies and measures necessary to minimize the adverse social and economic impact of climate change (UNFCCC) The protocol identified 3 mechanisms of reducing greenhouse gasses aside from the individual national measures. ... "The Kyoto Protocol is generally seen as an important first step towards a truly global emission reduction regime that will stabilize GHG emissions, and provides the essential architecture for any future international agreement on climate change" (UNFCCC). USA's Proposals and Policies Unfortunately, even after sending delegations to the Kyoto Protocol, "the United States steadfastly refuses to ratify the Kyoto Protocol and actively works against the efforts of the world community to reach its full implementation" (KyotoUSA). Since USA alone emits 25% of the world's greenhouse gasses, its failure to support the Kyoto Protocol would mean that the goal of dramatically reducing green house gasses is unlikely to happen (KyotoUSA). Observing USA's dwarfism in airing its own concerns during the talk is such a humiliating, childish behaviour. The conference was supposed to be meeting of concerned countries to draft a solution to a dire worldwide problem. The protocol is supposed to be a commitment of each country involved to each and every stipulation made, but USA did otherwise, stating that the world's problem on anthropogenic climate change cannot be solved by just one treaty. The joint implementation might have been offensive to the US government, given that it would require them to pay for an extra GHG emission, revealing the country's fear of not being able to reduce greenhouse gasses below the limit. This is such an obvious weakness and USA cannot just fool other countries with this. The USA delegation presentation to post-Kyoto talk reveals that the delegation, together with the previous US administration believes that "the Kyoto (protocol) is structurally incapable of delivering the reductions in GHGs so desperately

Critical challenges faced by automobile industry Essay

Critical challenges faced by automobile industry - Essay Example Alternative fuels will also play a big part in increasing the market share in the near future. The present low cost of oil will not be permanent and the public is poised to demand more environmentally friendly automobiles. Electric cars and lithium ion batteries will be a major contributor to this demand. This will create a new market as people are given an incentive to trade up to the newest technology available. However, among the bright spots in the industry are some substantial warning signs. The large number of employees has made employee safety an issue and could be a significant added labor expense in the coming years, which will severely limit profitability. In addition, product safety groups will continue to lobby for safer vehicles that could add additional costs to manufacturing. Finally, the economic health of the Big Three is an unknown factor and will remain so until the US Congress acts and the automakers make concrete plans for their future viability. The industry must be prepared to offer a vehicle that the consumer wants to purchase. This is a considerable obstacle and any action regarding investments must consider this major drawback.

Design for the crowd Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Design for the crowd - Research Proposal Example He further advocated that the complicated nature of public space means that it has been the core focus in geographical and urban theory.   The quality of urban space can be conceptualized as a function of the built form (Crawford, 1995). This implies that the actual shape and physical structure are significant in defining public space. Let us look at Bryant Park and design consideration for a public park. Introduction - Bryant Park Most people view some places as being more public than others, for instance, parks, squares and traditional public forums are large, but places such as malls and work areas, are small. Others view front yards and stoops as being partially private while interior homes and back yards are totally private (Crawford, 1995, pp. 4-5) Bryant Park is a 9.603 acres privately managed Public Park, which is at Fifth and Sixth Avenue in New York (Bryant Park, 2012). It is a scenic landmark in the city. The park rest on top of the Archives of the New York, national lib rary. The park has undergone numerous changes from a park of prostitutes and drug dealers to a park that can be inhabited by citizens. Today it is one of the largest occupied urban parks in the world. Architectural work of Whyte in 1990 led to a great reformation of Bryant Park in 2012; the success of the park depends on private and public partnership. The Bryant Park Corporation (BPC) runs the park since 2006.   Prior to designing a public park, it is crucial to seek answers to the following questions. What are the existing legal structure governing the land resources in the area? Are there homeless groups in the surrounding area? What commercial activities takes place in the area?  Ã‚   Does a mobile and commercial vendor visit the area? If so, at what time and in what frequencies, do vendors come to the area? How secure is the area to the public activities? What social class of people visits the area? Are the

Premature birth & the sociological effects Research Paper

Premature birth & the sociological effects - Research Paper Example Dr. Mathew Allin, the research leader, has linked these symptoms to different possibilities such as remaining in the incubator makes bonding of the child and the parents difficult; genes could also be a reason of this personality disorder (BBC News). A premature baby faces continuous exposure to stress from invasive procedures, pain, sleep disturbances, and changes in less severe problems such as temperature, noise, and hunger. Even after being delivered to parents from the ICU care, a child experiences stress from regular fever, growth delays, and feeding problems. The life-risky problems challenge the under-developed coping mechanism of the child, as a child can undergo on an average 60 painful invasive procedures after admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. In a study by Brandt et al, it was found that about 50% of all premature babies have learning disabilities in comparison to 9% of their peers. The IQ score of low-birth-weight premature babies is low in comparison to normally delivered babies (Maroney 679-83). There is a correlation between post -traumatic-stress-disorder (PTSD) in the parent of a premature baby and its resultant effect on the baby. The level of PTSD shown by the parent of the premature child is not definite but studies have shown that mothers of such babies show more PSTD symptoms in comparison to mothers of normally delivered healthy babies. Babies of such mothers are more prone to happenings of PSTD. Effects of such stress remain for long term in the lives of PSTD children. As the main care provider to the infant is the mother, studies have shown that due to the close relationship between the mother and the child, the mother can help the child in controlling the stress and providing a feeling of security. Parents of such children should provide Kangaroo Care with suitable Infant Massage to the child to reduce the stress level of the premature baby (Maroney 679-83). A child views the surroundings and

The way four poets write about events which have happened to them Essay Example for Free

The way four poets write about events which have happened to them Essay In this essay I am going to compare four different poems on the theme of events that have occurred and how they are displayed. I will explore the different methods and techniques used by the poet to convey the story and event. I am going to compare, The Affliction of Margaret, On my first Sonne, Mid-Term Break and Cold Knap Lake. In The Affliction of Margaret, the tone is set almost immediately, because the reader is asked a question, Where art thou, my beloved Son this is the first line of the poem and it suggest that the character has lost her son, because she is questioning where art thou, from this we see that the poem is based on a mother and son theme. Where art thou, worse to me than dead? here the poet questions the audience, by using a rhetorical question, this technique involves the read more emotionally. The quotation shows that her son is missing, and the idea that it is on the same level of being dead, if not worse because having your child missing, creates a false hope that they will return, whereas knowing they are dead, will allow you to come to terms with it, and your mind will be at peace even though there has been a indescribable loss. The length of this poem supports the theme of the poem, because there are 11 stanzas which are fairly long. This unusual size for a poem support the idea that the poets mind is not at rest, so he keeps going on and on, whereas if she knew her son was dead, she would not go on. The idea that Margaret does not care about her pride pride shall help me in my wrong all she wants is his son back shows the strength of the relationship the mother and son had. seven years, alas! this states that the boy has been missing for 7 years, which creates a depth of pain, because she has been wondering with her mind not at rest about her sons being. Why am I ignorant? this supports the idea of not knowing because she is questioning why she cant accept that her son may never return. In the second stanza, we are told that he was her only son, no tidings of an only child this make the poem more emotional because we are left with the idea that Margaret is left alone. In the second stanza shes feels tricked with thoughts of happiness and be for evermore beguiled. Each stanza in this poem has a different tone on the same theme, an example of this is in the second stanza, there is a tone of being tricked and miserable, whereas in the third stanza, Margaret begins to praise her son Ingenuous, innocent, and bold. in the sixth stanza there is a feeling that she may have accepted her son is gone, because she is almost writing a letter to her child, saying how she should be thought of think not of me with grief and pain. The seventh stanza suggest a idea of heaven and god fowls of heaven shows how she wishes her son could simply fly home, but is tied down to the earth chains ties us down by land and sea. The poem is long because of her uncertainty. On my first Sonne is similar to The Affliction of Margaret because they are both about children, but this is different because the boy has died, and is not missing. Knowing your child is dead removes all the thoughts and questions running through the mind of the parent. There is no chance that the child will return so it also removes any hopes, where as having your child missing, creates a hope that they will return, or several scenarios are created such as Whats happened to my son?, all the bad things that may of happened. All these negative images develop in the mind, when thinking about a loved one that has gone missing. In On my first Sonne contains several methods to explain the event that has happened, Farewell, thou child of my right hand this tells the reader that he has already lost a child. This poem is fairly emotional and plays with the concept of death. Jonson refers to his son as a sin my sinne was too much hope of thee this shows that Jonson has accepted the death of his son. Seven yeeres thowert lent to me, and I thee pay this shows that Jonson feels that his son was lent to him from God, and his death was just him returning to where he belonged and his death was meant to be. The tone of this poem is much more subtle and peaceful; it is based on how his son was a blessing etc, whereas in The Affliction of Margaret the tone and theme are unsettled and static, because there is a sense of anxiety and distress, because the boy is missing. Ben Jonson sees his son as a piece his best piece of work his best piece of poetrie. Due to his death, Jonson may never enjoy his life again for the fear that he might loose his loved ones as what he loves may never like too much. This is the last line of the poem and suggests the end, because he said he will never be too happy again. So the peak of his life has passed, the poem seems to suggest that Jonson is jealous of his son, and wishes for death so they can be together. The techniques in this poem create a sense of peace and justice, because Ben Jonson is talking about how his son is a blessing and linking him to God. The event of the death of his son is told in a very positive and poetic way. The poem flows smoothly, and contains rhyming couplets; on the other hand in The Affliction of Margaret the event is reflected in a negative way. I have no other earthly friend this is the last line of the poem and shows the depression and sadness in Margaret, she feels alone and isolated from the world, because her son was more then a son but also a best friend, so she has lost more then just a son. In mid-term break, the tone of the poem is set in the second line of the first stanza. Counting bells knelling classes to a close here Heaney uses alliteration, this emphasizes the sounds of the bells at the funereal. The first stanza begins with morning I sat all morning and only two lines away At two oclock this shows how hours have been spent waiting. The first stanza gives the reader the tone and format of the whole poem. The second stanza begins with the image of the father crying, I met my father crying this suggests to the reader that it is a rare event because there is a comment about how he takes normal funereal in his stride and do not create a emotional problem for him, always taken funerals in his stride this shows the strong effect death can have on anyone emotionally. A four foot box, a four for every year this represents the death of a four year old child, because he is saying a foot for every year. So the reader understands this as a four year old child has died. This poem reflects on the funeral in a subtle way, the poem does not contain many emotional feelings, and is fairly neutral. The poem is written more as a story then anything else. The poem is very descriptive of the funeral and contains ideas and imagery that have a greater representation. In Cold Knap Lake there is tone of death straight away, pull a drowned child from the lake the death of a child signifies destroying pureness, because children are clean and unspoilt, also describing the death drowned adds a element of struggle, because drowning is seen as a very painful way of dying. The poem is very descriptive and contains metaphors that create images in the readers mind. Blue-lipped and dressed in waters long green silk this is a very imaginative way of describing a young girl that has just be found dead. Long green silk represents see weed. My mother gave a strangers child her breath this means that the girl was brought back to life by Gillian Clarkes mother, because she was resuscitated. The idea that she was brought back to life, and when she arrives home is beaten by her father, creates several ideas in the readers head, either the girl is being taught a lesson, that she should not be so careless, or she is being abused; this technique involves the reader more. The poem ends on a morbid tone, in that lake with poor mans daughter. In all four poems there is a sense of death, and the poets are all telling a past event, in The Affliction of Margaret its about her missing son, and all her problems, and her unsettled mind, in On my first Sonne, there is a sense of peace and the rush and uncertainty in The Affliction of Margaret is not there, because Ben Jonson has accept the death of his death, and has justified it, by seeing his son more as a blessing, then a person. Mid-term break is also based on the same theme of death, because it is about a funeral, and the effects is has caused, and in Cold Knap lake, the event is the discovery of a dead girl that is brought back to life. All the poems use metaphors, personification to bring the poem to life to explain their personal events.

Music industry and effect of digital world

Music industry and effect of digital world The marketing department of a record label plays a large part in portraying an artists image to its fan base and the music industry. Once an artist has produced their music and is ready to be made public, it is up to the marketing department to make sure that it is made available in all media formats. This is done solely through a range of distribution and promotion campaigns. This case will look at the current situation of the music industry and analyse the effect the new technologies and the digital world are having on record labels and artists. Firstly by looking at a micro and macro environmental view point using various analysis models a better understanding can be made of the music industry in its current state. Once establishing the fundamentals areas by which record labels can advance objectives will be set and followed by promoting and distributing an up and coming artist to her target audience. This record label is called Mystical Records and currently manages one, up and coming artists called Thallie. Thallie is originally from Mauritius, however is now based in the UK and is looking for her big break. Back at home in Mauritius she has be compared with the likes of Shakira and Whitney Houston due to her singing style. Thallie is an urban artist, producing songs in a range of genres from RB to Dancehall. She has made a name for her self back in Mauritius, and now feels that is time to tackle the international markets in particular to the UK and US music markets. 2.0 Analysis The music industry will be analysed through both a macro and micro environmental aspect. The macro environment will be analysed using a PEST analysis, therefore determining all external factors of the music industry. Examining legal factors concerning illegal downloaders which are affecting record label sales, and to establish any government action taken to tackle this problem. Economic factors will be analysed in terms of income and revenue of artists and record labels. The most important element being the technological factors which are also heavily influencing social factors within the music industry, through recent developments in social and mobile networks. Secondly by looking at the micro environment using Porters (1979) five forces model a better understanding of the industries levels profitability. This model shows how customers, competitors, suppliers, distributors and dealers are all affected with the recent changes in the music industry. A major factor towards recent changes of power and relationships has been due to advances in technology over recent years. The internet has affected many industries, however with the surge in social networks and peer-to-peer (P2P) sharing systems the market share of major record labels has been hit hard. 2.1 PEST Analysis 2.1.1 Political / Legal Factors Major record labels are being turned against obtaining information on customer communications from telecom companies by European American Parliaments. This is due to the greater risk of terrorism occurring. (Appendix 2). This information could be also be used to gain access to private information by the music industry. (Appendix 2). Many cases have been held against illegal downloaders by the music industry. (Now over 150 cases in the UK, according to the British Phonographic Industry.) (Appendix 2). A large majority of illegal downloaders obtain music through peer-to-peer (P2P) sharing software; therefore by taking legal action against P2P operators, there can be a step forward in tackling a large number of illegal downloaders. (Appendix 3). Kazaa (large P2P sharing software company) paid $115 million to record labels in compensation due to a case by the Australian Federal Court. (This has been the largest case of its kind.) (Appendix 3). Similar cases have taken place under courts of law in Denmark, Netherlands, Russia, Taiwan. (Appendix 3). By signing agreements with record labels to become legal, P2P sharing software operators can escape being prosecuted. (Appendix 3). As technology evolves so does the level of crime. For example the evolution of digital radio stations (Digital Audio Broadcasters (DAB)) has lead to the evolution of DAB ripping. (Appendix 3). The likes of Apple are being restricted by having their music offerings only available on iPod players, and therefore believe by having copyright protection removed by record labels, there can be a better turnover for all parties involved. (Appendix 13). The current traditional method of record labels is that they keep the copyrights of artists recordings, which generally leads to the record label being profitable and the artists breaking even. (Appendix 7). A new possible method of keeping the music industry profitable may be by legalising file sharing and giving artists / bands control over their own music. (Therefore working with a collapsed copyright system.) (Appendix 7). 2.1.2 Economic Factors There are more methods of opportunities for artists / bands to both increase revenue and exposure, through CDs, digital downloads ringtones, concerts, TV shows, and video games. (Appendix 7). Concert ticket sales have increased immensely over recent years and have become major events in an artists / bands diary. (Appendix 7). A recent revision by the American President of the tax code has made it easier for intellectual property to be sold in the US, which therefore means that another possible method of development for the music industry can be through making artists / bands their own public company. As profits are taxed with low rates and intellectual property being fully accessible, their can be the possibility of artists / bands being invested in via the stock market. (Appendix 7). Due to the slow take up by the music industry of the digital world, there were slumps in sales by up to 7% in 2002 and 2003, by 2006 this figure had decreased to 4% and the music industry was showing signs of competing in new markets. (Appendix 17). Within a year in 2006 there has been an increase in sale of singles by 78% in the UK, therefore showing the change in trend of purchasing and obtaining music. This is due to this new digital age operating in full force. (Appendix 11). In Europe from 2005 to 2006 alone, there was an increase in single downloads of 80%, up to 111 million single tracks downloads. In the US during the same period there was an increase of 65% up to 583 million single tracks downloads. A calculation of the entire worlds single track download was made during the same time and was shown to have increased from 420 million in 2005, to 795 million in 2006 which is an 89% change. (Appendix 12). Music charts were traditionally accounted for through sales of singles and albums, now with recent changes the Top 40 charts are now calculated including downloads. (Conducted by the Entertainment Retailers Association, (ERA)) (Appendix 11). Digital music sales increased by $0.9 billion within a year from 2005, which includes both downloads to computers and mobile phones. (Calculated to be a tenth of all music sales.) (Appendix 17). Radio has been one of the most important formats by which new music is promoted, and in recent years there have been many mergers within the radio industry. With there only being a handful of companies left covering the majority of the national network, there has been a large homogenisation of the airwaves. This has meant that it is now even more difficult for artists / bands to get their music on to radio and promote the singles and albums. (Appendix 14). 2.1.3 Social Factors The increase in social networks has lead to artists having the opportunity to get the first major breaks in the industry. The popularity of social networks has lead to there being awards for the most number of friends for artists on social networks like MySpace. (Appendix 5). Fans are given the opportunity to share their interests in music, artists / bands and send/receive pictures from concerts, interviews etc. via discussion blogs and forums. These various applications are all being recognized within the music industry leading there to be a range of awards for artists. (Appendix 5). In addition to this many fans socialize on websites such as YouTube, where various video clips are shared and commented on, therefore giving many up and coming artists with small budgets an opportunity to be made aware. (Appendix 8). The innovation of music online has lead their to be sites such as Last.fm which makes it possible to connect fans through similar music tastes which aids the awareness of artists and fan groups. (Appendix 5). The rise in social networks has lead to the phenomenon of making fans into marketers indirectly. As fans communicate and get involved with their favourite artists online offerings they are said to be in the process of online word of mouth. (Appendix 7). The changes in chart rules, allow up and coming artists to make their big break, this is through including online downloads to be which is allowing fans to have more control and influence over music. (Appendix 9). As selling CDs is no longer enough to generate revenue, many other formats have been given better consideration, such as ringtones, concerts and video games. Each of these formats plays a part in influencing social groups and fans. For example ringtones can portray a persons music taste which in turn can relate to that persons social group. Concerts are a more traditional format where fans gather in a social aspect to see their favourite artists perform. (Appendix 7). The 20th Century showed a mass growth in the music industry, which linked music with intellect and in turn with social status. With classical and jazz music being linked with those who are intellectually elite, while pop and rock seemed to be linked with the general population. As the 20th Century developed, so did music in terms of their being more variations of genres. For example in the 1970s the emergence of progressive rock. (Appendix 7). Through developments across the world, in particular with technology and communications there have been changes in the style and influence of music. With musical influences coming from African, Jamaican, Latin American and Asian music through various means of media coverage all effecting social changes. Through increases in the number of university students there has also been a huge surge within the clubbing industry. This social activity has therefore lead there to be a direct link with music. Larger clubs offer a range of music genres each in separate rooms; where as smaller clubs play certain genres of music catering to the crowds tastes. 2.1.4 Technological Factors Technology has changed dramatically in recent years and has taken the world by storm, in particular within the music industry. An example of this was the introduction of online software called Napster, which was the first P2P sharing system. The recent developments in online social networks has allowed for there to be an added communication method between record labels and their artists fans. Every EMI artist now has a MySpace page allowing fans to swap news and post stories, share their video clips taken live from their mobile handsets. (Appendix 4). Digital technology specifically has grown at alarming rates; video directors now have to create their productions so that they play well with mobile devices with 2 inch screens. (Appendix 4). There are increasing range of formats by which music sold in this new digital era, for example USB singles and mobile packages. (Appendix 4). The advance of new technology is making is easier for record company marketers to target large portions of the youth and adult markets, through mediums such as social and mobile networks. (Appendix 5). The number of mp3 player inventions has also surged in recent years with market introductions of the Apple iPod and the Sony iRiver. In this case a large majority of the music is downloaded via P2P networks. There are increasingly becoming more and more formats where music can be applied to. (Appendix 7). New technologies have influenced relationships in the music industry greatly, as artists become more independent the major record labels are loosing out, and the fans are dictating what they want from music and having more communication with artists. (Appendix 8). Music downloaded to computers, mobile phones and any other digital device are all now calculated when establishing music charts due to their large presence in this modern era. Information and communication technology has created a new platform for music. (Appendix 11 12). The digital era has largely affected the methods by which music is created and performed. It is possible to a produce a single track or album simply with using a home computer giving opportunities to thousands of artists looking for their big break, where previously they would not have been able to. Buyer Power (HIGH) Buyers power is strong therefore influencing the industry. Developments in technology and resources mean a range of choices are available by which music can be purchased by customers. Instead of just CDs, music is available online, on mobile phones and other digital devices. Rivalry/Competitive Environment (HIGH) For a long time the five major record labels have profited from economies of scale, however the digital era has affected revenues. As more artists produce under their own record companies, the market share for each company consequently falls. The industry is becoming competitive at an alarming rate. Threat of Substitutes (HIGH) The internet has provided fans and customers with opportunity to purchase music from a number of locations therefore making record companies work hard at delivering the product at the right price and formats. As technology develops so does the number locations by which music can be applied. Threat of New Entrants (MEDIUM/LOW) The internet has lead there to be lower barriers to entry, allowing artists to set up their own record companies and to sell music themselves through new online channels. If new laws were to be put in place then there could be a possibility for the large record labels to regain some control. Supplier Power (MEDIUM/LOW) Previously record labels had a large influence on an artists career. However now in this digital era artists have more control of the distribution of their music and the record labels have less control over the artist. However as record labels come with large financial resources they have the opportunity to exploit all media formats professionally. 2.2 Five Forces Model of the Music Industry (Porter, 1979) 2.3 SWOT Analysis Below is a SWOT analysis of Mystical Records showing its the present assets and offerings and all future possibilities. STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES Low overheads such as staff. Talented artist roster. Thallie has a good reputation in Mauritius. Good product range. Access to a larger target market with online outputs. First to initiate online concerts. The ability to sell music at low prices therefore enticing new fans to engage in Thallies music. Difficult to establish on traditional formats like primetime radio. Lack of financial resources could still hinder the process, but less so with online outputs. Lots of risk due to some lack of expertise and staff. Possibly the same media outputs as competitor record companies therefore making the market hard to become established in. OPPORTUNITIES THREATS As technology develops more opportunities to apply music. To establish a larger fan base for artist roster at a quicker rate. To make artist roster internationally recognised. New sources of revenue e.g. ringtones and video games. Sell single tracks that are performing well in local markets to major record labels to market yet receiving royalties and retaining intellectual property rights. Lots of competition, with many artists creating their own record companies. Lack of piracy control. Major record labels re-establishing market share through new innovations. New legislations could cause problems in terms of artist awareness. Consumer tastes are ever changing. 3.0 Aims Objectives When developing the objectives many were discarded taking budget and resources in to consideration. The above objectives are a good indication as to what Mystical Records could achieve once various marketing tools and strategies have been implemented. Corporate Mission / Aim To become an established company both online and offline, that solely signs, promotes and manages up and coming artists. Key Objectives To raise the bulk of revenues though the online activities. To establish up to 8 digital communications of music for each artist. To establish a range of promotional activities in order to increase awareness of the artist roster. To establish a fan base of at least 8000 people through online social networks in 12 months. 4.0 Segmentation Mystical Records is a record company that manages artists under urban music style, therefore covering music genres such as RB, Hip Hop, Dancehall and related styles. Therefore automatically segmenting the entire population to those only interested in urban music. Further segmenting is derived through geographic, demographic and psychographic variables. 4.1 Geographic Geographic Segmentation defines customers according to their location (Brassington Pettitt, 2002). As a company based in the UK the large majority of current and potential fans will be from surrounding areas. Due to the majority of media outputs being online the potential fan base extends to a global field. As Thallie has a big background in Mauritius, the population there is part of the potential fan base. 4.2 Demographic According to Brassington and Pettitt (2002), demographic segmentation tells you a little more about the customer and the customer household on measurable criteria that are largely descriptive, such as age, gender, race, income, and occupation. Music in general has been almost equally shared between genders over the last 10 years. (Appendix 15). Though urban music originates from black African Americans, our offerings are for those of all races. The large majority of the population that engages in music via the internet are those aged between 16 to 25 years old. (Appendix 5). Urban music within the American markets only consists of roughly 22% of all music, however with digital innovations giving the ability to remix music into other genres the majority of the youth to adult market are potential fans. (15 to 29 years old) (Appendix 15). This age range concentrates on those who are students to working professionals; however the music on offer is available to all, especially due to low prices. 4.3 Psychographic Psychographic bases for segmentation centre on perceptual issues. (West et al, 2006). This element of segmentation considers those who listen and live urban music. Therefore including those who listen to specific radio stations and shows, those who attend specific night club events (both clubbers DJs), those who are involved with online networks, blogs and forums, and all related fields to urban music outputs. In particular our online offerings will be directed towards internet users and online social networkers. With music videos being placed on site such as YouTube to raise awareness and let fans comment on. YouTube carries more than 100 million videos a day (Appendix 8). 5.0 Targeting Now that the market segments have been established, strategies must be put in place in order to target each segment. Due to the majority of outputs being through online mediums, it is possible to apply music to more entities with both lower costs and lower risk. There are 3 general strategies by which targeting can occur (Dibb Simkin, 1996): Mass Marketing Strategy: This is where one marketing strategy is applied to the entire market, which leads to low production costs but carries this disadvantage that all customer seek different benefits. Multi Marketing Strategy: This is where the one large market is broken down to smaller markets and all offered different marketing strategies. This method caters for all however in some circumstances can require large financial resources. Single Marketing Strategy: This strategy is sometimes known as a niche strategy, where all marketing efforts are concentrated on one particular market. This can be very risky however if successful can be profitable. For Mystical Records the most viable targeting strategy would be a mixture of both multi and mass marketing strategy. As there will be a range of media outputs used, where there will be slightly different marketing strategies for each, there will be an element of a multi marketing strategy; therefore each media output will relate to a particular segment. Other segments that will be targeted differently include offline segments, such a night clubbers, DJs, and other media outputs. However in general for online segments there will be one mass marketing strategy and for offline segments there will be a mass marketing strategy therefore making it a more effective and competitive method for such a company. 6.0 Positioning As the music industry becomes increasingly competitive, in particular with more and more artists producing music under their own record labels it is important to be established as a recognised and positive company. According to Fill (2006) all products and all organisations have a position. In terms of Mystical Records becoming recognised within the industry and having more artists to sign with us, the marketing message of being a fun and innovative company will be sung. In particular our offering of online concerts will be the main focal point. In terms of Thallie, she will be marketed as a new up and coming artist with an exotic international background, proving to have some competitive advantage over other artists in similar situations. 7.0 Product Portfolio The product portfolio consists of the distribution of music, produced and marketed in a number of formats, such as CDs, music videos, events, live stream shows and digital downloads. The record labels main feature and source of revenue is the artist roster, which currently consists of one performer called Thallie. Thallie This artist is our first signing and therefore will be given maximum attention in making her a great musician. Thallie is an up and coming artist, originally from Mauritius but now looking to tackle the international market, and is now based in the UK. She is a singer with an urban style, producing music in a range of related genes music such as RB, Hip Hop, Dancehall. Back at home she has been known as the prospering version of Shakira (a world famous artist). CDs This media format will primarily be used as a promotional tool. In order to raise awareness of Thallie and her music, CDs will be distributed to radio stations, and at all events and gigs at which Thallie will perform at. There will be a small number of CDs available to purchase as a support to revenue. Music Videos Music videos of Thallies songs will be produced in order to be placed in a number of outputs. Like CDs, these music videos will be used to promote the artist to her current and potential fan base. The music videos will be uploaded online on social networks such as YouTube, Facebook, and MySpace, therefore allowing and encouraging fans to comment and discuss the artists music and create a following. This method will also be an ideal approach to launching new single tracks and other material. The music videos will also be made available for music television and other related outputs. Events (Offline) In order to raise awareness directly to current and potential fans, there will be a number of events, ranging from concerts, night club events and press releases. This element of the product portfolio will be one of the main sources of revenue, with fans having to pay for concert tickets and night club promoters having to pay a hiring fee for Thallie. Press releases will be the support activity in terms of promotions, however will be used a method to be recognised throughout the entire music industry. Live Stream Shows (Online) In recent years there have been many changes in the music industry, and new concept that has yet to be fully utilized is online concerts. As concerts have been a major source of revenue and as the internet has been the most popular means of obtaining music, putting the two together may possibly be another method by which record labels can prosper. Therefore by hosting live regular online concerts to Thallies global online fan base at a relatively low price a new income source can be created. Digital Downloads To support the live stream shows, digital downloads will be available to purchase at a variety of online locations. Fans and others interested in music will have the opportunity to purchase single tracks, albums, and short video clips. These downloads will be made available via the artists website and P2P sharing programmes, such as iTunes. Figure 1: BCG Matrix of Mystical Records Product Portfolio Music videos, events and digital downloads have all been placed as star products, as they all to have high potential growth and high market share. Music videos and digital downloads in recent years have been increasingly popular formats by which music is distributed and acquired and is therefore seen as a profitable source of revenue. Therefore the primary objective is to maintain and hold their current status and use it as a strategy to only develop and diminish. Thallie and live stream shows have both been placed under question marks, as they both have potentially high levels of growth, however they both currently have low market share. With changes within the industry and with technology as a whole both of these products are under building strategies and are projected to become star products and features. CDs have been placed in cash cows, as they are now seen as a traditional format by which music is distributed, however they will still be used for mostly promotional campaigns with the support of some sales. There will not be any major efforts made to sell physical CDs, but will be an ongoing production in order to maintain some regular income. 8.0 Place Strategies One of the most important processes of a record label is deciding where and how to deliver the artists music to the fans and other end users. By carefully implementing solid place strategies there can be an effective method by which the online arena can make an artists career. As a small record label there are limited budgets available, and therefore any chosen method of distribution must be carried out with due diligence. For Thallie, there will be a range of direct and indirect channels of distribution in order to market and sell her singles, albums and other material. The main location for this will be via the online arena, through her website and the record labels website. However there will be a number of channel intermediaries which will also be used to distribute and sell music to the fans and customers. In support there will be promotions and distribution through offline outlets such as local record stores and at events. The model below shows the various methods of distribution, with both direct and indirect channels. Thallies website can sometimes be seen as an indirect channel; however the same method will be used for future signings, and therefore is a direct link between the record label and the end users. = Indirect = Direct MYSTICAL RECORDS FAN BASE / CUSTOMERS / END USERS Record Stores P2P Sharing Systems Social Networks Thallies Website Figure 2: Channels of distribution 9.0 Promotional Strategies The selection of promotional activities to be used by Mystical Records will be a big challenge. They must suit the companys framework and budget, as well as be executed in a timely and efficient manner in order to achieve maximum results. The promotional campaign will hopefully lead to attracting a larger fan base, increased purchases, and establishing Thallie and Mystical Records within the music industry. A promotional mix will be implemented in order to promote the various musical productions by Thallie to her current and potential fan base. The mix consists of the following elements; advertising, direct marketing, personal selling, sales promotion, and public relations, however areas such as viral marketing, sponsorship and networking can also be included. 9.1 Advertising The first element of the promotional mix is advertising, this is where paid for messages and ideas are published to the public in order to inform, remind and persuade them. In the case of Mystical Records, advertising will be used to promote Thallies musical releases both online and offline. However more focused will be placed on offline advertisements due to their being many free advertising opportunities online. As a large portion of our target audiences are the youth market, advertising on global music websites can be an effective method to both reach and inform them of new offerings and events. Though traditional media formats are decreasing in popularity there are still opportunities to advertise in magazines and newspapers about new releases. However due to financial resources being lower advertising will be selective in terms of placing and regularity. 9.2 Sales Promotions / Incentives One of the most important aspects of the use of promotional tools is the incentives used to attract fans and customers to purchase Thallies music. For new customers registering their details via Thallies website or the record labels website, they will be offered free 10 minute viewing of upcoming live online concerts. This will both engage customers in purchasing the full showing of the concert and attract their friends and family to also register. Additionally monthly draws will be held giving selected customers free viewings of entire live online concerts or the chance to win tickets to regular live concerts or other freebies. For dedicated fans there will be further incentives of receiving free signed posters and CDs or even being chosen to feature in music videos. 9.3 Direct Marketing Once fans and customers have registered their details, information can be sent on a regular basis. For example details about special offers, events and new releases can be sent out through regular monthly emails to fans and customers. Information can be sent in a customised manner, making the communications with fans more personal. Traditional formats of direct marketing can be used a support tool, however due to this method costing a lot to be effective, an eCommerce (online channels) and mCommerce (mobile channels) channels of marketing is preferred. 9.4 Personal S

Queers :: essays research papers

In this age of liberation and relative morality it is no surprise that homosexuals have tried very hard to gain ground in the way of civil rights. Homosexuals say they want equal rights, and they want homosexual-marriages to be legalized. However, what they are asking for is not reasonable. They are humans; and therefore they already have the same rights as every other human living in America. What homosexuals want are special privileges and the acceptance of homosexuality as a natural alternative lifestyle, second, marriage is already clearly defined, and third because homosexuals already have the same rights, they want special privileges, and since homosexuality is not an innate quality they don’t deserve them. People who have been misinformed about what the homosexual agenda is think that homosexual marriage is natural and that it should be legalized. I however, am opposed to this because homosexuality is not a natural alternative lifestyle. First let’s define homose xuality. According to the American Heritage Dictionary, homosexuality is â€Å"having a sexual orientation to persons of the same sex.† Men and women are obviously biologically different. â€Å"People of the same sex having intercourse goes against what is biologically natural† (Baird 114). Part of the homosexual agenda is to make people believe that homosexuals are the same as heterosexuals when it comes to engaging in sexual behavior. This is absolutely not true. In Michelangelo Signorile’s book Cassel’s Rawlings 2 Queer Companion, a dictionary of lesbian and gay life and culture, he describes some of the sexual activities that homosexuals practice. These includes â€Å"fisting, when one partner shoves his whole hand up the anus of the other partner† (Signorile 96). In the essay Homosexual Rights: What’s Wrong, written by Brad Hayton and John Eldrege, they stated that â€Å"The U.S. taxpayer-funded Mapplethorpe photos. . . portraying typi cal homosexual behavior: fisting, urinating into anothers mouth, and andomasochism. The average homosexual has 10-106 different partners per year--300-500 in a life time† (Hayton 2). How can this be compared to heterosexual intercourse? How is this natural? It isn’t; this type of sexual behavior- even if it were practiced by heterosexuals- cannot be considered natural, in fact there are many states that have anti-sodomy laws though not enforced. As part of their agenda homosexuals not only want these things to be accepted and protected by the government, they also want them to be taught in public school as part of the sex education curriculum.

Is Love A Key Element When Choosing A Marriage Partner? Essay -- essay

A famous quote by John Lennon saying that â€Å"love is the answer and only you know that for sure† was not entirely truthful the fact not realised was that, for the many people in today’s contemporary â€Å"dating† grouping, truly knowing what the answer actually is in regards to dating is often easier said than done. Therefore, the answer certainly is not love. According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary (1974), love is defined as a â€Å"strong affection, a warm attachment, attraction based on sexual desire, cherish, to feel passion, devotion or tenderness for ~, caress and to take pleasure in ~ â€Å" (p.417). In the modern-day world where the preferences and choices of human mate selection has become a topic of broad exploration, it is highly questionable as to whether or not â€Å"love† is the principal influence that leads an individual’s decision of choosing a life-long partner. The choosing of a marriage partner today seems to be a crucial aspect of life decisions that makes all other choices in one’s life seem to be more or less trivial when comparing accordingly. When you come to a decision as to who you want to marry, share the rest of your life with and become one with, you are changing every aspect of your once single and independent life. For the reason that life changes so significantly when a marriage partner has been chosen, there are countless factors that have an effect on the choices that individuals make. Firstly, Botwin et al. (1997) insist that â€Å"personality plays a critical role in mate selection and marital happiness† (p.128) but many other attributes such as the many dating processes, the many problems that often occur in relationships, and individual preferences all highly motivate, aspire and aim to encourage people in today’s society toward finding their preferred marriage partner. Society often questions the difficulty involved for an average person to simply decide â€Å"who† they desire to marry. What's more is the reality that many people also criticize the individuals who have no idea who they want to marry. Research by Doosje et al. (1999) shows that â€Å"both men and women value most in their partner that she/he is kind and considerate, socially exciting, creative and intellectually stimulating† (p.46) which goes to prove that couples want their marriages to work and do not even consider them to eventually fail. Buying a car or buying a house is a diff... ...enges that young adults face in today’s society but even more importantly, it is the largest challenge that the future of the family life will be facing for years to come. Bibliography Botwin, D., Buss, D., & Shackelford, T. (1997). Personality and Mate Preferences: Five Factors in Mate Selection and Marital Satisfaction. Journal of Personality, 65(1), 107-136. Doosje, B., Rojahn, K., & Fisher, A. (1999). Partner Preferences as a Function of Gender, Age, Political Orientation and Level of Education. Sex Roles, 40 (1/2), 45-163. Nock, S. (1995). Spouse Preferences of Never-Married, Divorced, and Cohabitating Americans. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 22(3/4), 91-108. Simpson, J., & Gangestad, S. (1992). Sociosexuality and Romantic Partner Choice. Journal of Personality, 60(1), 31-51. Townsend, J., and Levy, G. (1990). Effects of Potential Partners’ Physical Attractiveness and Socioeconomic Status on Sexuality and Partner Selection. Archives of Sexual Behaviour, 19(2), 149-163. The Merriam-Webster Dictionary. New York: Pocket Books New York, 1974. New International Version Youth Walk Devotional Bible. Michigan: Zondervan Publishing House, 1992.

Explication of William Blakes Poem London Essay -- essays papers

Explication of William Blakes Poem London William Blake’s poem â€Å"London† takes a complex look at life in London, England during the late seventeen hundreds into the early eighteen hundreds as he lived and experienced it. Blake’s use of ambiguous and double meaning words makes this poem both complex and interesting. Through the following explication I will unravel these complexities to show how this is an interesting poem. To better understand this poem some history about London during the time the poem was written is helpful. London was the â€Å". . . undisputed cultural, economic, religious, educational, and political center† of England in the seventeen and eighteen hundreds. It was a city of â€Å"warehouses, docks, factories, prisons, palaces and slums, of beggars, laborers, shopkeepers, and bankers† (History). The industrial revolution was in full swing and the streets were filthy, the water and air were polluted, and there were rats everywhere. The famous â€Å"London fogs† were created from the burning of coal. The average Londoner lived until age 29, and as many as 1 in 8 drank themselves to death. While there were wealthy merchant and professional classes, the members of the poor grew and were crowded into filthy slums of the city (History). Keeping this history in mind lets take a look at the poem. Repetition and rhyme are an integral part of Blake’s â€Å"London.† The first stanza of the poem shows this repetition and rhyme. I wander through each chartered street, Near where the chartered Thames does flow, And mark in every face I meet Marks of weakness, marks of woe. (1-4) This repetition is a type of rhythm in the poem. According to John Nims and David Mason rhythm is â€Å"something that happens... ...Chart.† Merriam Webster’s Dictionary: Home and Office Ed. 1998. â€Å"Chartered.† Merriam Webster’s Dictionary: Home and Office Ed. 1998. â€Å"Cry.† Merriam Webster’s Dictionary: Home and Office Ed. 1998. â€Å"Forged† Merriam Webster’s Dictionary: Home and Office Ed. 1998. â€Å"Hapless† Merriam Webster’s Dictionary: Home and Office Ed. 1998. â€Å"Manacle† Merriam Webster’s Dictionary: Home and Office Ed. 1998. â€Å"Mark† Merriam Webster’s Dictionary: Home and Office Ed. 1998. Nims, John Fredrick and David Mason. Western Wind: An Introduction to Poetry. Boston: McGraw Hill, 2000 â€Å"Syphilis.† National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Disease. 30 March 2000 http://www.naid.nih.gov/factsheets/stdysph.htm â€Å"Weakness.† Merriam Webster’s Dictionary: Home and Office Ed. 1998. â€Å"Woe.† Merriam Webster’s Dictionary: Home and Office Ed. 1998.

Walmart vs Amazon

Oder winner and qualifiers â€Å"Today there are over 4,000 Walmart Stores in the U. S. and over 3,000 internationally. † In other side, Amazon is the world’s largest online retailer. so both of them must be covering the elements of business quite well. There are several aspects that I want to talk how they win orders from customers. First, both of them have a low price of their products. Second, they have fantastic quality management and customer services. Finally, their deliveries are satisfied by customers. First, both of them have a low price of their products. Wal-mart gives an advertisement that said â€Å"Low Prices.Every Day. Everywhere. † Wal-mart has focused on low cost leadership, low operation and production costs in order to ensure that each produce has the lowest possible price. Therefore, in customers mind, they will think Wal-mart equals to the lowest prices. There is a disadvantage of Wal-mart. If Wal-mart cannot provide the lowest price one day, then customers will be no need to shop at Wal-mart. For Amazon, its strategies of low price are totally different from Wal-mart. Customers can get the lowest price of products from Amazon because customers can compete with Amazon on Amazon.It means there are multiple prices for a product on Amazon. Then, you can find the lowest price. In addition, sometimes, Amazon will provide some price polices. For example, if customers bought products from Amazon. Then the price drops. Customers can get some refund from Amazon. Also, if customers buy products very often, they can be Amazon’s prime. Customers should pay about seventy dollars per year. Then, they can get cheaper price of the product compare with general customers. Moreover, customers can get free shipping or shipping in a shorter time of some products. Furthermore, customers can shop through using Amazon credit card.They can â€Å"get 3% back on anything they buy from Amazon, 2% back at gas   stations, restaurants, and drug stores, and 1% back on anything from any other retailer. † Second, they have fantastic quality management and customer services. Wal-mart has a strong focus on better quality. It worked with several hundred suppliers and products testing facilities. They will â€Å"test more than 5,250 products to ensure great value quality is equal to or better; conduct more than 2,700 consumers to compare the flavor, aroma, texture, color, and appearance of great value products; Change the formulas for 750 items including: breakfast ereal, cookies, yogurt, laundry detergent, and paper towels; and Introduce more than 80 new products, such as: thin crust pizza, fat free caramel swirl ice cream, strawberry yogurt, organic cage-free eggs, double stuffed sandwich cookies, teriyaki beef jerky and more, all at unbeatable prices. † From Amazon, it has customer product review under each product, so customers can see what other customers thought. They will know the product quality is good or bad. Then, they will decide whether they will buy it or not. Furthermore, it is very easy to return products to Amazon. Finally, their deliveries are satisfied by customers.Walmart can deliver product to your door, and the product price is the same as in store. From Amazon, as I mentioned before, customers can be the Amazon prime. Then, they can get free shipping or shipping in a shorter time. In additional, Amazon does international shipping. It is very convenient for international students. Furthermore, it can guarantee accelerated delivery. â€Å"Amazon. com offers Guaranteed Accelerated Delivery dates on select items when you choose Express shipping. If your order doesn’t arrive by the Guaranteed Accelerated Delivery date, your shipping charges will automatically be refunded. †

Describe The Scope Of Business Ethics

The scope of ethics indicates its subject matter. Ethics as normative science deals with moral ideal or the good in order to enquire the nature of our conduct. It enquires into the nature of the springs of actions, motives, intentions, voluntary actions and so on. It determines rightness or wrongness of human actions. It does not enquire into the origin and growth of human conduct. As a science of morality ethics discusses the contents of moral consciousness and the various problems of moral consciousness.Ethics is concerned with the highest good or absolute good. It investigates the nature of its fundamental notions i. e. right, duty and good. Moral judgments passed on our voluntary actions are also included within the scope of ethics. In discussing the moral judgment it has also to concern with the nature, object, faculty and standard of moral judgment. Moral sentiments and feelings are arising in our mind when we contemplate about the moral judgment and therefore, ethics has to di scuss the nature of moral sentiments to moral judgment.The scope of ethics includes whatever has reference to free human acts, whether as principle or cause of action (law, conscience, virtue), or as effect or circumstance of action (merit, punishment, etc. ) Ethics discusses the nature of human freedom. Ethics investigates what constitutes good or bad, just or unjust. It also inquires into-what is virtue, law, conscience and duty? What obligations are common to all? What is the good in all good acts? These questions lie within the scope of ethics. The sense of duty, oughtness or moral obligation and the responsibility for actions are also included within the range of ethics.The particular aspect under which ethics considers free acts is that of their moral goodness or the rectitude of order involved in them as human acts. A man may be a good artist or orator and at the same time a morally bad man, or, conversely, a morally good man may be a poor artist or technician. Ethics has mer ely to do with the order which relates to man as man and which makes of him a good man. Thus we find that although Ethics is not a guidebook of moral rules as a branch of philosophy Ethics seeks clarification of terms used in moral language.The ‘meta-ethical† problems fall within the scope of philosophical aspect of Ethics. There are other ‘meta ethical discussions related to the nature of moral judgments, the logical basis of ethical evaluation etc. The applied dimension of Ethics is known as â€Å"Applied Ethics’ that falls within the broad field of Ethics. These comprise the areas of situational Ethics while Meta Ethics deals with logical and semantic questions like ‘What do we mean by â€Å"freedom† and â€Å"determinism† etc.Ethics is essentially related to all other branches of knowledge like sociology, political science, jurisprudence, law and legal study, psychology, anthropology, culture study, ecology and environmental study, e conomics, religion, aesthetics and other similar areas. Ethics is concerned with political, sociological, cultural, psychical, economic, environmental, religious problems in pursuit of highest good. So these problems have an additional place in the scope of ethics. With the emergence of new technology there is scope for widening the scope of ethics to address new issues

Samuel Adams

Samuel Adams: An American View of the Stamp Act Samuel Adams writes a letter to his English friend, John Smith, defending the American’s side of the new imperial taxation and control. He describes the colonists thinking of the act as â€Å"both burdensome and unconstitutional. † They feel as if they are not represented as they should be and that their rights as Englishmen are being taken away from them. He goes on to say that Parliament cannot tax them consistent with the constitution because they are not represented. In 1765 England passed a new law called the Stamp Act.This act was meant to replace the sugar act because that act did not work. It taxed all printed items. England felt that they needed to tax the colonies because the colonies were still a part of England and felt that they needed to help pay for the debt that they were in for the war that they had helped fight for the colonies. Benjamin Franklin proposed that if England was to tax the colonies, then they wanted members in the legislature so they could be one people. However, politicians rejected this idea and called Franklin a radical.England felt like the colonies were already represented enough because they had virtual representation and didn’t need to have geographic representation. England said that geographic representation would cost them too much time and hardly any laws would be passed. In this letter Adams says England is increasing their power and wealth at the colonies expense. He argues against the point that England makes saying that the war was to defend the colonies, saying that England didn’t do it for the colonies, but more for advancing their dominion and glory.Samuel Adams had a bias towards the American side. Originally the audience was his friend John Smith. However, since this letter has been published it is more aimed towards the English because it is refuting their side of the Stamp Act and how they thought of it. Samuel Adams is trying to get his point across that he and the rest of America feel under represented. I think that the meaning of this document is to let people know that there is just more than one side to the different acts that England was passing.There was an English side as well as an American side. The point was to show us the different views of each side, and help us realize that it was more of a misunderstanding rather than England wanting to take all control, and America wanting to break away from England. I think that one of the biggest misconceptions most people get from these different acts that eventually led to the revolution, was that America wanted to separate from England. However, this wasn’t the case. America actually wanted to stay a part of the English Empire.America and England just could never see eye to eye, for example how each of them saw America’s representation. This letter helped me better understand why this all these small acts eventually led up to the American revol ution. It made me realize that a lot of history is bias. Usually people only hear or read about one side of things and don’t really think about listening to the other side. To really understand history and better understand why something happened the way it did, it’s better to study each side of it.

Admission to MBA Course

My principal objective and life’s ambition had always been to work in an atmosphere that not only demanded the utmost of my potentiality but also challenged my abilities.   It is commonplace for soldiers to be accoutered with fully loaded weapons and the requisite mental preparedness to emerge victorious in battle.In a similar manner, I have always possessed enormous experience, organizational abilities and psychological preparedness in meeting the demands of the contemporary work environment.I have experience of working in physical care and wellness and I completed an undergraduate course in Kinesiology and Nutrition. Prior to the year 2000 I worked for the United States Army as a Production Controller. My tenure with the US Army helped me to achieve organizing capabilities and expertise in management and supervision.During the years from 2000 to 2003, I was associated with the Women’s Hospital of Texas as an administrative assistant, where I gained expertise in the allotment of duties to office personnel, preparation of medical charts, physician’s reports and the radiology department’s clinical reports.These reports had to be prepared and submitted to the physicians of the hospital on a daily basis. I also assisted the radiologists, physicians, patients and their families and extended my moral support to patients and their near relatives, in order to alleviate their suffering. In this task, I invariably offered my best efforts and always lent a helping hand in a friendly manner.I developed a number of supervisory skills, like keeping track of office supplies and ensuring that stocks were always available. I maintained the secrecy of patients’ records filed with the hospital.My extensive experience helped me to assume positions involving multifaceted responsibilities. Consequently, I gained considerable organizing skill and the competence to be a part of large-scale facility projects.Thereafter there was no turning back. I became very proficient in budgeting, scheduling of events and the promotion of customer relations. All these activities enabled me to become very good at building teams and to assume the position of a role model for others. Subsequently, I acquired program management skills and was extremely successful in providing service in the corporate environment.In addition, I possessed adequate knowledge to recruit, train and encourage professional staff development. I also worked in group facilitation, and in this particular field I emerged as an undisputed leader. My communication skills were proved on many an occasion to be outstanding.I am extremely proficient with the Microsoft Office applications Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Project, Publisher and software applications like FitLinxx, MediTech and Eclipse. Whilst working as a Product Sales Developer in TechnoGym USA, Seattle, WA and I developed programming around Easy Line circuit equipment and provided essential product information to the s ales personnel.This entailed the design of presentations, making conference calls and preparing product literature to improve sales and the preparation, execution and revision of project plans.I have faced a number of challenges in life. One of them relates to my tenure in the military. I joined up at the age of nineteen and to put it frankly I was all at sea. We had to undergo physical exercises six days a week for an hour at a stretch. It was not much different from physical torture.Then we were made to march for twelve miles with a rifle and a forty pound knapsack. Afterwards we had to stand at attention, without making even the slightest of movement. In addition, we had to memorize and answer a number of questions while waiting in line for food.Emotionally our psyche took a tremendous beating, as we were not allowed to see our family members or friends till a month had elapsed, which forced us to develop new friends.This experience proved to be a baptism by fire and I emerged mu ch stronger and better equipped to face the worst in life. I developed self reliance, team spirit and since the targets were never ending it became second nature to strive for attaining goals. This served to enhance my ambition and fighting spirit enormously.I have received several citations and certificates for the exemplary work performed by me. I am a trained instructor in Yoga, Spin, Pilates and CPR. My life’s ambition is to start a Health and Fitness enterprise. To this end I would like to commence studios that take care of fitness and provide personalized training.My observation has been that a significant number of institutions that offer fitness services do not cater to individual needs. My enterprise will take a very close look at the nutritional value of the food being consumed by my clientele. There will be stores for such purchases and these stores will offer customized shopping services.I will implement meal plans that will take into account the specific requirem ents of my customers. My principal objectives are to develop skills related to the management of projects, develop self – sufficiency and conduct a successful business. Moreover, I intend to travel extensively for both business and pleasure, because travel expands the mind.These are my aspirations and a few of my extensive accomplishments. The next logical step is to obtain suitable formal education in management.   This will not only improve my career prospects but also help me to perform at my optimum level. Thus, I made a survey of the different colleges offering the MBA program and concluded that the Marylhurst University’s MBA program was best suited to my unique needs.This program produces professionals with strong interpersonal, analytical and communication skills with a holistic view of the business process from the shop floor to the retail outlet. The faculty members are working professionals, who keenly and unstintingly, impart their professional experience to the students, which renders this course very valuable. Moreover, the curriculum is flexible and pragmatic in its approach and content and emphasizes the application of the principles taught in class to the real world.The cardinal objectives of this program are to enable the student to possess the latest knowledge in such diverse fields as accounting, finance, law, etc; to become extremely proficient in analyzing national and international business environments; to comprehend the latest business concepts and emerging trends in management and information technology and discover one’s professional competencies in order to enhance one’s career prospects.Obviously, such a combination of goals and competencies is unique in the MBA programs available in this country and management graduates from this university perform exceptionally well in the industry. Therefore, it is my intention to register with this great university’s MBA program (Master of Business Administr ation).ReferencesMaster of Business Administration. (n.d.). Retrieved October 29, 2007, from Marylhurst University: http://www.marylhurst.edu/mba/mba.php

Strategic Management Meredith Belbin Research Paper

Strategic Management Meredith Belbin - Research Paper Example The Team Role theory sprung from the research done by Meredith. It sought to understand human behavior, by studying individual’s affinity to behave in a certain manner, and their contribution in relating with others. This defined way, gave the theory a meaning. In addition, it helped understand one’s behavior and the behavior of fellow team members (Larson & LaFasto 2006; Adair 2007). Meredith outlined nine team roles. A completer has an attitude to plan ahead, and ensure that targeted goals are attained. A coordinator is composed even in the face of controversy, whereas an implementer works with the interests of the company and not his own. A monitor evaluates proposals with a detached mind (Parker 2004; Rees 2001). A plant is an intellect that solves difficult problems, whereas, a resource investigator is always in a position to relate to people and explore things associated with outsiders. A shaper considers all possible means, to solve a problem and leaves out the unnecessary ones. A specialist provides rare expertise and skills, whereas a team worker promotes team spirit (Gardenswartz 2003; Belbin 2006). Meredith Belbin is a British researcher, born in the year 1926. He obtained a first and second degree at Clare College, Cambridge, in Classics and later Psychology. He worked as a researcher upon completion of his doctorate at Cranfield College. Later, he became the chairman of the Industrial Training Research Unit (Carr 2001). He and three other scholars, Bill Hartston, Jeanne Fisher and Roger Mottram, began a seven year task. They held three games a year, and each game constituted eight teams. In each meeting, they observed and recorded the contribution of each team. Belbin established Belbin Associates, with an aim to publish and promote his research in the year 1988 (Belbin 2003; Maginn 2007). The theory is of immense importance, because it helps understand individuals own behavior and

Environmental Science - population management Essay

Environmental Science - population management - Essay Example Nature can only sustain us for so long; although its resources do regenerate to a certain degree, humans have to consider the stress sustained to the environment because of our increasing numbers. Our dangerously limited carrying capacity is having an adverse effect on natural resources, thereby necessitating population management through such policies as adaptive management. Carrying capacity of the world is quickly coming to a dangerous level. Advanced technology and new scientific breakthroughs have provided a quality of life hard to give up in the developed and stable parts of the world. With increased resources, conveniences, and various other means of enjoyment at our finger tips, we have become accustomed and even dependent on such lifestyles. Humans are continuing to multiply, all the while abusing resources and depleting and consuming them at an alarming rate. The increased consumption of natural resources is not only putting a strain on the environment but also causing mult iple global issues. For example, increased consumption in only the industrialized countries of the world, has contribute more than 40% global carbon emissions and over 60% carbon dioxide from fossil fuel combustion in the atmosphere (Global Population and Environment). The use of fossil energy like, oil, gas, and coal, has led to an increase in economy and quality of life propelling population growth and in turn reinforcing increased consumption in a vicious cycle (Pimentel et. al.). Also, all over the world, increased land, water, and biological consumption have caused serious strains on natural resources. The continuous use of land for agricultural purposes to support our dietary needs has led to the loss of sustainable land due to degradation and erosion (Pimentel et. al.). The increased erosion rates have resulted in poor soil quality, lower nutrient levels and decreased soil renewal. This has led to food shortages in the developing nations, giving rise to diseases and malnutrit ion. Increased water consumption and urbanization patterns have led to the scarcity of clean drinking water. This shortage is further propelled by the depletion and slow recharge rate of groundwater and increased water pollution through toxic and agricultural wastes (Pimentel et. al.). Lastly, humans are also dependent on other species to maintain the growth and function of ecosystems around the world. Due to our increased pollution, degradation of land, and deforestation, we have significantly destroyed and decreased earth’s biodiversity (Pimentel et. al.). Population increase has led to the very destruction of the environment and natural resources we are highly dependent on. When looking at population management, the maximum sustainable yield has to be greatly considered. There is a limit to how much nature can yield, such as water, energy, and various biological resources, before it is exhausted and depleted. Populations are increasing worldwide and putting a strain on the environment’s sustainability. For example, despite China’s one child policy by the government, its inhabitants are still growing at an annual rate of approximately 1.2% (Pimentel et. al.)The environment does not have unlimited resources at its disposable with which to sustain and provide for us. The rates at which these resources are being used up far exceed the speed at which they are recycled, regenerated, and recovered. It only took forty years since 1950 for the human population to double from 2.5 to 5 billion (Population Growth Over Human History).

King Haigler Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

King Haigler - Research Paper Example He is in fact honored and celebrated as one of the greatest among Catawba leaders for his role in this community. His role as a leader shaped up American history and remains relevant to understanding the human experience in the wake of the 21st century. King Haigler firstly shaped the history of Catawba when he facilitated and helped to negotiate a peace treaty with six nations. The Six Nations would comprise of the Iroquois in New York and Canada (Hawkins). The region had been hit by a war that had escalated after the defeat of the Tuscarora and their departure to New York. King Haigler was keen to delegate some elders who would accompany him to a conference in Albany New York on 30 June 1751 (Blumer 33-35). This initiative was well timed and relevant at a time when people were losing their lives and property. He did not sit back but led from the front. He mobilized some members of the community who bought his idea. King Haigler effort was rewarded though came at a price as he and his crews were humiliated as the Mohawk forced them to dance with their feathers pointing down during the conference. The entire effort saw both Haigler and King Hendrick of the Mohawk share apiece pipe and the Six Nations handed Haigler a wampum belt that marked the beginning of peace (Blumer 34). This event reveals King Haigler’s commitment to step up for his community when he was needed most. He would dare to go to such battled grounds to stop wars and save lives. This underscores his relevance in the history and future of America. King Haigler was not a fun of what Blumer would term as evils of alcohol (Blumer 35). With the wake of civilization, the West had engaged in new customs that would feature use of hard drinks that Haigler believed had no value to the community. His efforts are still relevant today as alcoholism has had many go down the drain through addiction rendering them

Health Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Health Psychology - Essay Example While the biomedical model is good in gaining a comprehension of the purely medical aspects concerning a patient's health the biopsychosocial is being found to be fundamentally imperative because it incorporates the actual mental states and physical states of the human being. For example, the biopsychosocial model introduces the emotional state, personal issues, family issues, and community issues that might have an affect on a patient's health and medical diagnosis. Therefore the acceptance of this model has stemmed from the fact that medical providers have now come to the realization that the psychological influences in an individual's life can alter the medical care and affect the patient outcome (Borrell-Correlo et al 2004, pg. 577). 2. Investigate Cultural differences in the incidence and prevalence of various diseases, such as HIV/Aids, and Cancer and of life expectancy. What factors do you believe are related to these differences. present, many different cultures approach these based on their religious beliefs, social customs, and over all societal views of them (Martin & Kukall 1996, pg. 993). For instance with Alzheimer's disease, those with a Latino background are more apt to care for their family member at home rather than placing them in a nursing care facility. This is in comparison to how Americans often care for a relative with this medical prognosis. Australian culture follows much the same type of philosophy; with diseases such as AID's, and even Cancer having an influential factor in the life expectancy that might present itself. This is due to the fact that these two cultural bodies carry a collectivist attitude instead of an individualistic one such as Americans have. Therefore, obviously the factors that play a pertinent role in disease and how different cultures relate to it are listed as follows, religion, family bonds, social perception, personal values, societal view, and community support. This clearly shows that some cultures focus more on the psychological aspects of the medical diagnosis; more so than what the actual biological bearing is going to be. 3. What is the Placebo Affect, and why is it often important to include a placebo in health research A placebo is simply an inactive element in medicine that has absolutely no affect on any medical outcome. It is or can be a pill that holds no medicinal qualities, a liquid of the same quality, or even an intravenous fluid that is used in medical studies and other experiments to see if the patient or individual in a study perceives there to be an actual affect. The main purpose is to test the strength of the actual drug and to compare the two too see if the real medicine does promote improved health and destroy cells in the body that can promote more health complications, depending upon what it is being developed for (Hrobjartsson & Gotzsche 2001, pg. 1594). The importance of including a placebo in medical